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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of responses to acoustic interaural intensity differences in the cat inferior colliculus (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 41 (1981), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Auditory ; Localization ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of single neurones in the inferior colliculus of anaesthetized adult cats and kittens were studied using best-frequency stimuli of varying interaural intensity difference (IID). Two broad classes of neurone, distinguished by the predominant type of input from each ear, were examined. One class of cells received predominantly excitatory input from each ear (EE cells). The other class were excited by monaural stimulation of the contralateral ear and showed no response to monaural stimulation of the ipsilateral ear, but inhibition of the excitatory response by simultaneous ipsilateral stimulation (EI cells). Fourteen of the 18 adult EI cells showed marked changes in discharge rate with variation in IID. Adult EI cells showed low response variability and were insensitive to changes in average binaural intensity. In all cases of IID sensitivity, the onset component of the response was less sensitive to IID than the sustained component. Eight out of ten EE cells were insensitive to IID over the range tested. Cells of high best-frequency in kittens younger than 28 days showed irregular changes in discharge rate with variation in IID and wide response variability. Some low-frequency EI cells in young kittens showed sensitivity to IID, but it is unlikely that these could be involved in sound localization as their frequency response was inappropriate. Many cells in kittens aged 31–40 days showed monotonic, adult-like IID functions, but the response variability of these cells remained higher than that of adult cat neurones. These data provide evidence for a developmental change of binaural interaction in the cat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238887
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of binaural input, response patterns, and discharge rate in single units of the cat inferior colliculus (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Auditory ; Binaural ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binaural input to single neurones in the inferior colliculus of barbiturate- and ketamine-anaesthetised kittens was tested using pure tones. Stimuli were presented to each ear independently via sealed sound-delivery systems. Cells were classified according to the predominant type of input (excitatory or inhibitory) from each ear. There was no significant difference between age groups in the proportions of cells showing each type of binaural input. For all ages, cells excited by monaural stimulation of either ear (EE cells) tended to be of low best frequency (BF) and cells excited by monaural stimulation of one ear, but inhibited by simultaneous stimulation of the other ear (EI cells), had higher BFs. Units for which quantitative spike count data were obtained were also categorised according to their response pattern. Cells categorised as “onset”, “pauser” and “burst-type” were found in approximately equal proportions in animals of all age groups. “Primary-like” units were not found in animals less than 20 days old. Unit discharge rate was significantly higher for adults than for any of the three kitten groups. These data suggest that (1) binaural connections are not subject to postnatal developmental alteration and (2) the development of excitatory responses after 20 days consists of an increase in the number of discharges rather than a change in the pattern of these discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237936
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of SEPIL to the Solid State Defect Chemistry of Fluorites and Ultra-trace Inorganic Analysis [New analytical methods (16)] (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 (1979), S. 738-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: SEPIL (selectively exiting probe ion luminescence) ; Defect chemistry ; Fluorites ; Analytical methods ; Luminescence ; Solid-state reactions ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Although it has been recognized for many years that the spectra of lanthanoid ions can provide useful information about short range phenomena in the neighborhood of these inos in a solid material, lanthanoid spectroscopy has only infrequently been used for studying complex materials because of the problem of line-sorting the complex spectra that are obtained. The advent of convenient tuneable lasers has eliminated this problem. By selectively exciting probe ion luminescence (SEPIL), it is possible to obtain fluorescence and excitation spectra from a single kind of crystallographic environment. Two applications of this method are dicussed in this paper. The first application is the study of the defect chemistry of fluorite materials (compounds with CaF2 lattice). It is shown how this method can provide unique information about the solid state chemistry, thus clarifying many of the unexplained behaviors of this important class of material. The second application shows application shows how ultra-trace analysis can be carried out by causing an association between an analyte ion and a fluorecent probe ion. The unique crystal field levels of a probe ion associated with a particular analyte can be selectively excited so that traces of the ion to be analyzed can be detected with very high selectivity and with very low detection limits.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197907381
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung von SEPIL auf die Festkörper-Defektchemie von Fluoriten und die extreme anorganische Spurenanalyse (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 91 (1979), S. 765-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Obwohl seit vielen Jahren bekannt ist, daß die Spektren der Lanthanoid-Ionen (Ionen der Seltenerdmetalle) Aufschluß über Phänomene im Nahbereich dieser Ionen in Festkörpern geben können, wurde die Spektroskopie von Lanthanoiden nicht sehr häufig zum Studium komplexer Materialien angewendet, da die Klassifizierung der resultierenden Spektren problematisch ist. Die Einführung abstimmbarer Laser hat dieses Problem gelöst. Durch selektive Lumineszenzanregung der als Sonde dienenden Ionen (SEPIL = selectively exciting probe ion luminescence) ist es möglich, Fluoreszenz- und Anregungsspektren von Ionen zu erhalten, die in einer einzigen Art von kristallographischer Umgebung vorliegen. In diesem Aufsatz werden zwei Anwendungen der Methode besprochen. Die erste ist das Studium der Defektchemie von Fluoriten (Verbindungen mit CaF2-Gitter). Die Methode ergibt einzigartige Informationen über die Festkörperchemie, so daß viel vom unerklärten Verhalten dieser wichtigen Stoffklasse verständlich wird. Die zweite Anwendung ist die extreme Spurenanalyse. Dazu wird das Assoziat aus dem zu analysierenden Ion und dem als Sonde fungierenden Ion untersucht. In diesem Assoziat lassen sich die spezifischen Kristallfeld-Niveaus der Sonde selektiv anregen, so daß Spuren des zu analysierenden Ions mit hoher Selektivität und Empfindlichkeit nachgewiesen werden können.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19790911004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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