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  • 25.85.-w  (1)
  • Angiotensin II Isoproterenol  (1)
  • Axonreflex  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electromagnetic fission of238U at 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 353 (1995), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Schlagwort(e): 25.75.+r ; 25.85.-w ; 27.90.+b
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Electromagnetic fission of238U projectiles at E/A =600 and 1000 MeV was studied with the ALADIN spectrometer at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS. Seven different targets (Be, C, Al, Cu, In, Au and U) were used. By considering only those fission events where the two charges added up to 92, most of the nuclear interactions were excluded. The nuclear contributions to the measured fission cross sections were determined by extrapolating from beryllium to the heavier targets with the concept of factorization. The obtained cross sections for electromagnetic fission are well reproduced by extended Weizsäcker-Williams calculations which include E1 and E2 excitations. The asymmetry of the fission fragments' charge distribution gives evidence for the excitation of the double giant-dipole resonance in uranium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01295898
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excitatory and inhibitory responses caused by norepinephrine in duck subfornical organ neurons are mediated by β- and α 2-adrenoceptor activation (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Osmoregulation ; Duck ; Angiotensin II Isoproterenol ; Clonidine ; Phenylephrine Noradrenaline ; (SFO) Drinking ; Thirst ; Water intake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The responsiveness of spontaneously active neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) of adult ducks to angiotensin II (ANGII), norepinephrine (NE), isoproterenol (Iso, β-agonist), phenylephrine (Phe, α 1-agonist) and clonidine (Clo, α 2-agonist) was investigated in brain slices with extracellular recording technique. 64% (n=90) of the neurons increased their activity after superfusion with ANGII, the rest were unresponsive. Application of NE activated 10 and inhibited 8 neurons (n=22); the excitation being correlated with an excitatory ANGII responsiveness of the same neurons and the inhibition with the absence of an ANGII responsiveness. Iso activated 74% (n=58) and Clo inhibited 88% (n=16) of the investigated neurons. Phe did not have an effect on the majority (60%) of the neurons and produced both excitatory and inhibitory actions on the remaining cells. These results offer a plausible explanation for the dose dependent dipsogenic effect of Iso and the failure of NE to elicit dose dependent drinking, which can be explained by its dual, excitatory and inhibitory effect on SFO neurons. It is further concluded, that peripherally applied Iso exerts its dipsogenic action in high concentration by a direct excitatory effect on SFO neurons via the open blood brain barrier. Under physiological conditions, afferent neuronal input of still unknown origin might specifically modulate the activity of SFO neurons, because plasma concentrations of NE are probably not high enough to activate SFO neurons from the blood side of the blood brain barrier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239918
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efferent functions of C-fiber nociceptors (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 57 (1998), S. S8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Schlagwort(e): Key words ; Antidromic vasodilatation ; axon reflex ; flare reaction ; plasma extravasation ; substance P ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; galanin ; capsaicin ; fibromyalgia ; Schlüsselwörter ; Antidrome Vasodilatation ; Axonreflex ; Flarereaktion ; Plasmaextravasation ; Substanz P ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Galanin ; Capsaicin ; Fibromyalgie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung C-Faser Nozizeptoren haben neben ihrer afferenten auch lokale efferente Funktionen, wie Vasodilatation, Plasmaextravasation und die Modulation neuronaler Aktivität, die durch Freisetzung der Neuropeptide Substanz P, Neurokinin A und Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) an der peripheren Endigung ausgelöst werden. In der Haut der Säugetiere (einschließlich Mensch) ist CGRP der wichtigste Mediator der Flarereaktion. Die Vasodilatation wird beim Schwein durch Aktivierung von spezifischen Hitzenozizeptoren induziert. Bei der Taube wird die antidrome Vasodilatation durch intrinsisch freigesetztes Galanin gehemmt. Plasmaextravasation kann beim Schwein in Hautblasen und mit der Mikrodialyse durch Histaminsuperfusion, nicht aber durch elektrische Stimulation und Capsaicin, ausgelöst werden. Die neurogene Komponente der Histaminantwort (64%) wird durch NK2-Rezeptoren vermittelt und kann durch CGRP moduliert werden. Die genannten Neuropeptide können zur Sensibilisierung und unter bestimmten Bedingungen zur Stimulation von Nozizeptoren führen. Die erhöhte Sensitivität der Flarereaktion bei Fibromyalgiepatienten deutet auf eine veränderte Funktion der C-Faser Nozizeptoren hin.
    Notizen: Summary C-fiber nociceptors not only serve afferent but also local efferent functions. The local efferent functions, such as vasodilatation, axon reflex flare reaction, plasma extravasation, and modulation of neuronal activity, are mediated via a local release of substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the peripheral ending. CGRP is the main mediator of the capsaicin-induced flare reaction in the mammalian skin (including humans). In the pig skin the vasodilatation is due to activation of specific heat nociceptors. In the pigeon, antidromic vasodilatation is markedly inhibited by intrinsic galanin. Plasma extravasation in the pig skin blister base or using microdialysis can be evoked by histamine, but not by electrical stimulation or capsaicin. The neurogenic component of the histamine response (64%) appears to be mediated via NK2 receptors and can be modulated by CGRP. There is some evidence that the neuropeptides can also sensitize or stimulate nociceptors. Since in the fibromyalgia syndrome an increased sensitivity of the flare reaction has been observed, the hyperalgesia might be partly due to altered functions of C-fiber nociceptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003930050226
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