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  • Azolla pinnata  (6)
  • Nostoc muscorum  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 265-268 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nostoc muscorum ; Blue-green Algal virus ; N-1 ; Lysogeny ; Induction ; Heat ; Mitomycin C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lysogens were isolated after confluent lysis of the blue-green algaNostoc muscorum by N-1 virus and characterised. The spontaneous liberation of active virus particles in lysogens was not lost after treating them with viricidal concentration of EDTA and virus titre obtained in their cultures was 〉5×103 PFU/ml. The virus adsorbed on the lysogens with a slower rate than on parent alga, although it followed the pattern of a first order reaction. The heat treatment (45°C for 14h) of the lysogens failed to induce lysis, whereas mitomycin C (1–2 μg/ml) was effective in inducing lysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nostoc virus N-1 ; Temperature ; Adsorption ; One-step growth ; Viral development ; Nostoc muscorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was an attempt to observe the effects of temperature on adsorption and one-step growth of the virus N-1 infecting the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. Adsorption rate was found to be maximum at 40° C whereas no adsorption occurred at 10° C. The Q 10 value was about 2.03 and the energy of activation, Ea was 16.3 kcal/ mole for the adsorption process. The development cycle of the virus was temperature sensitive. With increase in temperature, a gradual increase in inhibition of virus yield i.e. 8.33% at 30° C, 35.3% at 35° C and complete inhibition at 40° C was observed. Out of 7 h latent period, the early 4 h were temperature sensitive and heat treatment had a reversible inhibitory effect on virus development. The temperature treatment did not affect the rise period but burst-size was reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Blue-green algal virus N-1 ; Adsorption ; Host cell aging ; Killed cells ; Saline magnesium chloride solution ; Amino acids ; pH ; Nostoc muscorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The adsorption rate of the cyanovirus N-1 infecting the nitrogen-fixing blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum decreased with aging of algal cultures and the virus failed to adsorb to the dead host cells. The adsorption rate declined in saline magnesium chloride solution compared to that in algal growth medium. The addition of amino acids like L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine failed to enhance the adsorption rate of the virus. Optimal pH of adsorption was 7.6 to 8.1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Azolla dual cropping ; N ; P uptake ; rice ; soil fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Azolla and urea application in a rice field transplanted with square (20 cm×20 cm) and rectangular (10 cm×40 cm) spacings for three consecutive seasons were found to increase significantly uptake of N and P by the rice plants, irrespective of seasons. Azolla treatments increased the organic C content of the soil during both wet and dry seasons, while its N and P contents were more only during the wet seasons. Urea did not affect N, P and organic C contents of the soil. Spacing had no significant effect on N and P uptake by the rice plant or N, P and C contents of the soil. Maximum N and P uptake in rice were obtained by growing two crops of Azolla after transplanting in addition to its incorporation before transplanting. This treatment showed significantly more N uptake than the urea at 60 kg N ha−1 during wet and dry seasons of 1982. Among Azolla treatments, twice Azolla dual cropping although showed comparatively lower uptake of N and P, it was comparable to that of 60 kg N ha−1 urea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; dual cropping ; N2-fixation ; spacing ; rice yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment conducted at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, during three successive seasons showed that with the 120-day-duration variety Ratna two dual crops ofAzolla pinnata R. Brown (Bangkok isolate) could be achieved 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) by inoculating 2.0 t ha−1 of fresh Azolla 10 and 30 DAT respectively. One basal crop of Azolla could also be grown using the same inoculum 20 days before transplanting (DBT) in fallow rice fields. The three crops of Azolla grown—once before transplanting and twice after transplanting—gave an average total biomass of 38–63 and 43–64 t ha−1 fresh Azolla containing 64–90 and 76–94 kg N ha−1 respectively in the square and rectangular spacings. Two crops of Azolla grown only as a dual crop, on the other hand, gave 26–39 and 29–41 t ha−1 fresh Azolla which contained 44–61 and 43–59 kg N ha−1 respectively. Growth and yield of rice were significantly higher in Azolla basal plus Azolla dual twice incorporated treatments than in the Azolla dual twice incorporation, Azolla basal plus 30 kg N ha−1 urea and 60 kg N ha−1 urea treatments. Azolla basal plus 30 kg N ha−1 urea and 60 kg N ha−1 urea showed similar yields but Azolla dual twice incorporation was significantly lower than those. The different spacing with same plant populations did not affect growth and yield significantly, whereas Azolla growth during dual cropping was 8.3 and 64% more in the rectangular spacing than in the square spacing in Azolla basal plus Azolla dual twice incorporation and Azolla dual twice incorporation treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 107 (1988), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene reduction activity ; Azolla pinnata ; fresh biomass ; N-sources ; N-uptake ; total crop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of nitrogenous sources like ammonium sulphate (AS), prilled urea (U), urea super granule (USG) and farm yard manure (FYM) was studied on the fresh biomass (FB) and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) ofAzolla pinnata, R. Brown (Bangkok isolate), grown as a dual crop with rice, and rice yield in three successive seasons. Irrespective of the N-sources and seasons, the FB and ARA of Azolla were observed to be maximum on 14th day after Azolla inoculation (DAI). The different N-sources had significant effect on the ARA and to a lesser extent on the FB of Azolla. The treatment without fertilizer-N (control) exhibited highest ARA, FB and total N-content of Azolla. These were inhibited to a lesser extent by USG and FYM, though used at higher rates of 75 kg N ha−1 and 90 kgN ha−1 respectively, compared to that by AS and U, used at lower rates of 45kg N ha−1 each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Nitrogen fixation ; N yield ; Oryza sativa ; Urea-N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Application of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 of urea (U) in split doses with (and without)Azolla pinnata, R. Brown was studied for three consecutive seasons under planted field condition. Fresh weight (FW), acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and N yield of Azolla were found to be maximum 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Among the different treatments, maximum Azolla growth was recorded in no N control. The FW, ARA and N yield of Azolla were inhibited increasingly with the increase in N levels. Irrespective of season, FW and N yield of Azolla were inhibited only a small extent with 90 kg N ha−1 U, beyond which the inhibition was pronounced. ARA was inhibited only slightly up to 60 kg N ha−1 of U. Grain yield and crop N uptake of rice increased significantly up to 90 kg N ha−1 of U (alone or in combination with Azolla) in the dry seasons (variety IR 36) and up to 60 kg N ha−1 U in the wet season (variety CR 1018).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla caroliniana ; Azolla pinnata ; nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; phosphate fertilizer ; rice yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of rice toAzolla caroliniana, newly introduced in India, was compared with the reponse to the local isolate ofAzolla pinnata at varying rates of phosphate fertilizer (4.4–8.8 kg P ha−1) during a wet and a dry season. Fresh weight, dry weight and fixed N were more for both species 21 DAI (days after inoculation) than 14 DAI, but acetylene reduction activity (ARA) was higher 14 DAI than 21 DAI. Dry weight of Azolla and fixed N were less 14 DAI forA. caroliniana than forA. pinnata during the wet season. Twenty-one DAI, fresh weight ofA. caroliniana was 62.1 and 27.6% higher than that ofA. pinnata during the wet and dry season, respectively. However, dry weight and fixed N were more 21 DAI inA. caroliniana than inA. pinnata during only the wet season. The ARA was higher inA. caroliniana both 14 and 21 DAI, irrespective of season. The presence of either species in the rice field increased grain yield, straw yield, number of panicles m−2, number of grains per panicle and reduced percentage sterility during both the wet and the dry season. Phosphate application significantly increased fresh weight, dry weight, ARA and fixed N for both species as well as grain and straw yields of rice. The responses to phosphate fertilizer were similar for both Azolla species and for rice grown with either one of the Azolla species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Inoculation ; Intercropping ; N2-fixation ; Rice yield ; Rice N-uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculation of water fernAzolla pinnata R. Brown (Bangkok isolate) at the rate of 500kg fresh weight ha−1 in rice fields at weekly intervals after planting in addition to 30 kg N ha−1 as urea showed a decrease in its growth and N2-fixation with delay in application. Use of Azolla up to 3 weeks after planting (WAP) during wet and 4 WAP during dry season produced significantly more grain yield than 30 kg N ha−1, whereas its application upto one WAP produced more grain yield than 60 kg N ha−1. Grain yield with Azolla applied at the time of planting was similar to that of 60 kg N treatment during the wet season. Higher grain yields in zero and one WAP Azolla treatments resulted due to increase in both number of panicles m−2 and number of grains/panicle while the subsequent Azolla inoculations increased grain yield mainly by producing more number of grains/panicle. Dry matter and total N yields at maturity of rice crop were more with Azolla application upto 3 WAP during wet and 2 WAP during dry season while the reduction in sterility (%) was observed upto one WAP over 30 kg N ha−1 during both seasons. Number of tillers m−2 and dry matter production at maximum tillering and flowering were more than 30 kg N ha−1 with the use of Azolla upto one WAP. Increased grain N yield was observed with the use of Azolla upto 4 WAP during two seasons whereas straw N yield increased upto one WAP during wet and 2 WAP during dry season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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