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  • Allelopathy  (8)
  • Azotobacter  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of gamma irradiation on allelopathic potential ofSorghum bicolor against weeds and nitrification (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1737-1745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; gamma irradiation ; Sorghum bicolor ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; nitrification ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of low doses of gamma irradiation on the allelopathic potential ofSorghum bicolor against weeds and nitrification was investigated. The results revealed that all test doses (500, 1000 and 1500 rad) significantly increased the allelopathic activity of root exudates, aqueous extracts, and decaying residues aganst seed germination and seedling growth ofAmaranthus retroflexus. The results also indicated that all test doses stimulated the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts and decaying residues against nitrification activity. The possible application of this approach in biological control is briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012123
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic effects ofPolygonum aviculare L. II. Isolation, characterization, and biological activities of phytotoxins (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1011-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; inhibitors ; phenols ; glycosides ; Chenopodium album ; Rhizobium ; Azotobacter ; Cynodon dactylon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In earlier work, we found thatPolygonum aviculare had pronounced allelopathic effects against several test species. Four inhibitors were isolated from livingPolygonum plants, three of which were glucosides. Four different inhibitors were isolated fromPolygonum residues and soil underPolygonum stands, and none of these occurred in soil fromCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. stands. Three of these were glycosides containing both fructose and cellobiose as the sugars. Color reactions of all the inhibitors indicated that they are phenolic in nature. All the inhibitors reduced seed germination and/or seedling growth ofChenopodium album L. Moreover some of them inhibited growth of different strains ofRhizobium andAzotobacter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987882
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological suppression of nitrification by selected cultivars ofHelianthus annum L. (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 733-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; Helianthus annuus ; nitrification inhibition ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The allelopathic potential of different cultivars ofHelianthus annuus against nitrification was studied using the soil incubation method. The results indicated that aqueous extracts and residues of roots and shoots of all test cultivars significantly reduced the nitrification rate in soil. However, cultivars Local and Citosol were found to be more inhibitory to nitrification than others.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018768
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic suppression of weed and nitrification by selected cultivars ofSorghum bicolor (L.) moench (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; Sorghum ; root exudates ; crop residues ; water extracts ; Amaranthus ; nitrification ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Root exudates of 100 cultivars ofSorghum bicolor L. (Moench) were screened for their ability to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth ofAmaranthus retroflexus L. Exudates of some of the test cultivars were found to inhibit significantly seed germination and/or seedling growth ofA. retroflexus, and most of the inhibitory activity was found in neutral and acetone fractions of root exudates. Testing of aqueous extracts and decaying residues of four selectedSorghum cultivars (two toxic and two nontoxic through root exudation) revealed that all four cultivars significantly reducedA. retroflexus growth and nitrification processes with greater inhibition achieved by the toxic cultivars. This study suggests a potential biological control ofAmaranthus and nitrification by someS. bicolor cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045604
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic effects ofPolygonum aviculare L. I. Vegetational patterning (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 993-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; interference ; patterning ; biological control ; Polygonum ; Cynodon ; Chenopodium ; Sorghum ; Gossypium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Polygonum aviculare was observed to spread rapidly into heavy stands ofCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. resulting in death of the latter. This indicated a strong interference againstCynodon dactylon. Measurements of selected soil minerals and physical factors indicated that competition was probably not the chief cause of that interference. Soil collected under deadPolygonum was very inhibitory to all test species exceptSporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc., suggesting the presence of inhibitory compounds. Tops and roots ofPolygonum, root exudates, and leachate of the tops inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of most test species. Therefore, allelopathy apeared to be the dominant component of the interference, with competition probably accentuating its effects.Polygonum aviculare was inhibitory toGossypium barbadense L. andSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, indicating that allelopathy is an important component of the interference byPolygonum against crop yields.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987881
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic effects ofPolygonum aviculare L. (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 761-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; fatty acids ; GC-MS ; Polygonum aviculare ; Cynodon dactylon ; Rhizobium ; Azotobacter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract We previously reported thatPolygonum aviculare has a strong allelopathic action againstCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and other test species. Moreover, we found that several phenolic compounds appeared to be important allelochemics in this activity. We have now isolated other potential inhibitors fromP. aviculare residues and soil underPolygonum stands, and none of these occurred in soil underC. dactylon stands. GC-MS analysis revealed that these additional inhibitors are long-chain fatty acids with 14–22 carbons. Nine were identified inP. aviculare residues and seven in soil underP. aviculare. Sodium salts of all the identified fatty acids inhibited seedling growth ofC. dactylon and at least some test strains of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria,Azotobacter andRhizobium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988781
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic effects ofCitrus aurantium L. (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1515-1525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; patterning ; sour orange ; Citrus aurantium ; date palm ; Phoenix dactylifera ; Cynodon ; Chenopodium ; Amaranthus ; Avena
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field observations on undisturbed stands of sour orange revealed thatCynodon dactylon, Chenopodium album, Avena sativa, andAmaranthus retroflexus were not able to grow normally and complete their life cycles under its canopies, although the same species grow well under adjacent trees of date palm. Investigations revealed that the failure of the test species to grow normally under sour orange was not due to competition for light, moisture and minerals or to differences in soil texture or pH. Soil under sour orange trees drastically reduced seed germination and/or seedling growth of test species. Aqueous extracts, decaying materials, and volatile compounds of senescent and nonsenescent sour orange leaves were found to inhibit seed germination and/or seedling growth of test species. Therefore, allelopathy appeared to be the basic factor responsible for the reduction in plant growth with competition propably accentuating its effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012197
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic inhibition ofCynodon dactylon (L.) pers. and other plant species byEuphorbia prostrata L. (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2747-2754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; vegetational patterning ; Euphorbia prostrata ; Cynodon dactylon ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; Medicago sativa ; Gossypium hirsutum ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field observations indicated thatEuphorbia prostrata strongly interferes withCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Analysis of some physical and chemical soil factors indicated that competition was not the dominant factor of that interference. Soil collected from underE. prostrata stands was very inhibitory to seed germination and seeding growth of some of the test species including C.Dactylon. This suggests the presence of inhibitory compounds in soil ofE. prostrata stands. Subsequent experiments showed that aqueous extract, decaying residues, and root exudates ofE. prostrata were inhibitory to most of the test species including C.Dactylon. Thus, it appears that allelopathy is the major component of the interference, with competition probably accentuating its effect. It also was found that allelopathy is an important component of the interference byE. prostrata againstAmaranthus retroflexus, Medicago sativa, andGossypium hirsutum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988083
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