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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 186-191 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol ; Schedule-controlled behaviour ; Behavioural tolerance ; Fixed-ratio schedule ; Differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Nine human subjects were exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule of monetary reinforcement. Presses on a manipulandum requiring relatively high force were occasionally followed by an increased money total displayed on a computer screen. Subjects were exposed to the schedule until their behaviour had stabilized. Prior to each of the next three sessions they were administered 0.85 g/kg alcohol. In eight of the nine subjects the initial effect of alcohol was to increase FR response rate and, consequently, reinforcement rate. Subsequent alcohol administration resulted in sensitization: even greater rate-increasing effects. In two further control sessions behaviour returned towards baseline level. DRL response rate was slightly increased by alcohol, but reinforcement rate remained unchanged. There was no consistent change in DRL response or reinforcement rates from the first to the third alcohol sessions. The effects of alcohol on human behaviour were similar to the effects found in studies with animals. The results were also consistent with the view that the changes in behaviour which occur with repeated drug administration depend in part on whether the initial effect of the drug is to increase, decrease or produce no change in reinforcement rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 1 (1990), S. 249-251 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Heat generated by tooth reduction and restoration procedures may be harmful to the pulp. Water spray during those procedures aids in maintaining lowered pulpal temperatures. A device that lowers intrapulpal temperatures has been developed and tested in an animal model. The animal's pulp chamber temperatures were lowered to 15.5°C and 12.4°C and maintained at those temperatures for 20 min. Histological examination disclosed no inflammatory reaction to the testing. Therefore, this device may aid in reducing the trauma of dental preparation procedures as well as other effects of lowered temperature on the biology of the dental pulp.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 413-417 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In this article, we present low-pressure steady-state results for carbon monoxide oxidation over Rh(100). The results are comparable to those found for other Group VIII transition metals. For a fixed oxygen pressure, the reaction rate is first order in CO pressure until a critical pressure is reached, above which the reaction rate sharply diminishes and the order becomes negative in CO pressure. Coverages of carbon monoxide under steady-state working conditions have been measured.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 7 (1985), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Pt-Nafion (chemically reduced and sputtered Pt) and Pt-CdS-Nafion membranes were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemically deposited Pt was completely reduced to Pt0 and was more concentrated in the surface region than in the interior. The sputtered Pt (100 Å thick) was distributed within the first several hundred Ångstoms of the Nafion, probably involving Pt migration into it, during the RF sputtering process. Changes of the Pt(4f7/2) linewidth indicate interactions between CdS and Pt. The relatively high activity of the 100 Å sputtered Pt-CdS-Nafion membrane for the photoassisted production of H2 in aqueous 0.1 M S2- solution is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 15 (1990), S. 509-515 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The interaction between in situ evaporated aluminum and plyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer at 300 K was studied by XPS. The aluminum condenses on the PVA surface by a Volmer-Weber (clustering) mechanism; it takes about a 3.7 monolayer deposition to nucleate clusters sufficiently large to exhibit core binding energies characteristic of bulk metal. Changes in the lineshapes of the C 1s and O 1s peaks and the appearance of a shifted peak in the Al 2p region were interpreted in terms of Al interactions with the surface alcoholic group HC—OH, resulting in the formation of an interfacial organometallic complex exhibiting a stoichiometry of 1:1:1.5 for Al, C and O. Polar angle-resolved XPS measurements and differences in the attenuation factors of the signals from the complex show that the Al is on top and is closer to the oxygen atoms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 1007-1010 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: To assess the quantitative analytical capabilities of laser post-ionization of sputtered neutrals, the photoionization of sputtered Cu, Al and Ru atoms and clusters was investigated. By measuring velocity distributions using both resonant and non-resonant photoionization of the atoms and one-photon and two-photon ionization of the clusters, photogragmentation of clusters was found to be significant. Atomic velocity distributions measured using non-resonant ionization peaked at the same velocity as the respective dimer distribution, indicating that the majority of the non-resonant atomic ion signal is from photogragmented dimers. The contribution to the dimer ion signal from photogragmentation of the trimer varied with the two-photon laser power density. Domination of the atomic photoion channel by molecule fragmentation appears to be a general phenomenon that must be accounted for in all gas-phase multiphoton non-resonant ionization experiments at easily achievable laser power densities (≤ 108 W cm-2). To minize photogragmentation effects, atoms should be ionized resonantly and clusters should be onephoton ionized.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 11 (1988), S. 517-521 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Silica, derived from Si(OC2H5)4, was studied on high surface area titania and zirconia powders using ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) with depth profiling. After a large exposure and thermal processing of Si(OC2H5)4, more silicon was detected by AES on TiO2 (Si/(Si + Ti) = 50%) than on ZrO2 (Si/(Si + Zr) = 40%). With ISS, however, the reverse was found; the Si signal was 92% of the total metal on ZrO2 but only 70% on TiO2. Moreover, when the silica-covered oxide surfaces were depth-profiled with Ar+ (2 kV, 4 μA), the fraction of silica, based on ISS, decreased rapidly from 92% to 55% during the initial 100 s for ZrO2 but remained about 70% over the first 150 s for TiO2. The results strongly support a model in which Si(OC2H5)4 decomposes to form a thin film of SiOx which completely covers ZrO2, while on TiO2, particles of SiOx and/or mixed oxide layers form which leave titania exposed. On ZrO2, the estimated thickness of the SiOx film is 0.24 nm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 12 (1980), S. 417-429 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The titration of chemisorbed oxygen by carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide has been studied from 373 to 673 K over polycrystalline platinum. The pressure transients for CO and CO2 have been measured and simulated numerically. A complex Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism is found which fits all the data, and it is not necessary to invoke Eley-Rideal kinetics. The results fall into two temperature regimes, above and below 473 K, which are characterized by different Arrhenius parameters. A change in activation energy with oxygen coverage is also found below 473 K.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 7 (1975), S. 951-972 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) quasiclassical trajectory calculations on H + Br2 at 300°K and H + HBr at 1000°K are reported. Angular scattering, energy disposal, and impact parameter distributions for reactive collisions are compared after removal of phase-space factors (dimensionality bias) as a means of examining the similarities and differences in the dynamic bias in 2D and 3D. Qualitatively, for all reactive processes studied, the 3D trajectory calculated distributions are reproduced by the phase-space adjusted 2D trajectory data. Thus the surprisal of these angular scattering, energy disposal, and impact parameter distributions is dimensionally invariant, and the same dynamic bias appears in 2D and 3D. A systematic method for converting 2D reaction probabilities and maximum reactive impact parameters into 3D rate coefficients is presented. We find that trajectory calculated 3D rate coefficients may in general differ markedly from those derived from 2D trajectory data. In particular, the surprisal associated with rate coefficients depends on dimensionality for the H + HBr → H2 + Br reaction, but is invariant for the H′ + HBr → H′Br + Br and H + Br2 → HBr + Br reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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