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  • Anxiogenic property  (1)
  • Benzodiazepines  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anxiogenic properties of beta-CCE and FG 7142: a review of promises and pitfalls (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 452-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Beta-CCE ; FG 7142 ; Anxiety ; Anxiogenic property ; Behavior ; Animal models ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral effects of the benzodiazepine (BZP)-receptor partial inverse agonists, beta-CCE and FG 7142, are reviewed and the claim that these compounds possess “anxiogenic” properties is examined. Results obtained from human studies and global observations in animals, as well as those from experiments on aggression in animals or from studies of pentylenetetrazole discrimination cannot be considered conclusive. Contradictory findings have been obtained in studies using animal testing procedures derived from BZP-sensitive models of anxiety and in newer experimental situations and these are discussed from various theoretical perspectives: (1) the ability of the models to measure increased anxiety; (2) the possible ability of the drugs to reveal latent anxiety which generalizes from a punished to an otherwise non-fearful component of a testing procedure (“spreading anxiety”); (3) anxiety produced by a pro- or pre-convulsant state. Finally, several hypotheses are considered to account for the behavioral effects of beta-CCE and FG 7142 without assuming anxiogenic properties. These include the possible existence of different forms of anxiety, rate dependency, and drug-induced motivational changes. It is concluded that available data are insufficient to strongly support the notion that FG7142 and beta-CCE are the anxiogenic drugs “par excellence” they are often claimed to be.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212837
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is delay of reward mediated by shock-avoidance behavior a critical targer for anti-punishment effects of diazepam in rats? (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Duration of punishment ; Delay of reward ; Behavioral suppression ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated in rats whether variables which may affect the animals' tolerance for delay of reward could be critical for the benzodiazepine-induced release of punished behavior. Rats were subjected to conflict situations during which signalled FR4 non-punished periods (lights-off) alternated with punished periods of different durations signalled by lights-on stimuli. Lever presses during punished periods resulted in the delivery of both one food-pellet and one electric foot-shock (0.45 mA). The antipunishment effect of diazepam (2 mg/kg IP) clearly depended on the duration of the punished periods, release of punished behavior being observed only when punished periods exceeded 1 min. The duration of punished periods required for diazepam-induced release of responding was affected by factors which modified the contrast between rewards received in punished and non-punished periods. One of these factors was the FR schedule imposed during non-punished periods, since the anti-punishment effect of diazepam was observed during short-lasting (30-s and 1-min) punished periods separated by FR24 non-punished periods. A second factor was the ratio of the durations of punished and non-punished periods: diazepam released behavior during 2-min punisheds when the duration of the intercurrent non-punished periods was 1 min, but not when it was 4 min. The predictability of the duration of the punished periods also modulated the effect of diazepam since: with 1 min punished periods, diazepam released punished responding during the first exposures of the rats to the experimental session, but lost part or all its efficacy in animals extensively trained to the procedure. It is tentatively proposed that not only punishment, but also delay of reward induced by passive avoidance of the punished response, are affected by benzodiazepines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432516
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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