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  • Electronic Resource  (11)
  • Medicago sativa  (6)
  • Biochemistry  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis and developmental expression of an alfalfa protein disulfide isomerase (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 319-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; cell culture ; protein disulfide isomerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027354
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of an alfalfa 25S rRNA (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 1189-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; cell culture ; rRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047724
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). XX. Transcriptional activation of phenylpropanoid pathway genes in elicitor-induced cell suspension cultures (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: elicitation ; gene transcription ; isoflavonoid phytoalexins ; Medicago sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear transcript run-on analysis was used to investigate the relative transcription rates of genes encoding enzymes of isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis and related pathways in elicitor-treated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cell suspension cultures. Genes encoding L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone reductase (CHR) were most rapidly activated, with increases in transcription measurable within 10–20 min after elicitation. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone isomerase (CHI), isoflavone reductase (IFR) and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes were also rapidly activated, but at a slower initial rate. Transcription of chalcone 2′-O-methyltransferase (CHOMT), and 1,3-β-D-glucanase genes was less rapid, with lag periods of 60 and 30 min post-elicitation, respectively. Treatment of cells with the PAL inhibitor L-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) resulted in increased transcription of PAL, CHS and CHR, but reduced transcription of CHOMT, indicating a role for phenylpropanoid products as both negative and positive regulators of gene expression within the phenylpropanoid pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 11. Molecular cloning and expression of alfalfa isoflavone reductase, a key enzyme of isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 653-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fungal elicitor ; isoflavone reductase mRNA ; Medicago sativa ; phytoalexin biosynthesis ; stereochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major phytoalexin in alfalfa is the isoflavonoid (−)-medicarpin (or 6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. Isoflavone reductase (IFR), the penultimate enzyme in medicarpin biosynthesis, is responsible for introducing one of two chiral centers in (−)-medicarpin. We have isolated a 1.18 kb alfalfa cDNA (pIFRalf1) which, when expressed in Escherichia coli, converts 2′-hydroxyformononetin stereospecifically to (3R)-vestitone, as would be predicted for IFR from alfalfa. The calculated molecular weight of the polypeptide (35400) derived from the 954 bp open reading frame compares favorably to estimated M rs determined for IFR proteins purified from other legumes. The transcript (1.4 kb) is highly induced in elicited alfalfa cell cultures. The kinetics of induction are consistent with the appearance of IFR activity, the accumulation of medicarpin, and the observed induction of other enzymes in the pathway. Low levels of IFR transcripts were found in healthy plant parts (roots and nodules) which accumulate low levels of a medicarpin glucoside. IFR appears to be encoded by a single gene in alfalfa. The cloning of IFR opens up the possibility of genetic manipulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in alfalfa by altering isoflavonoid stereochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037051
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of isoflavonoid metabolism in alfalfa (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 38 (1994), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Glomus versiforme ; isoflavone reductase ; medicarpin ; Medicago sativa ; phytoalexin ; Phoma medicaginis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isoflavonoids are believed to play important roles in plant-microbe interactions. During infection of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves with the fungal pathogen Phoma medicaginis, rapid increases in mRNA levels and enzyme activities of isoflavone reductase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and other defense genes are observed within 1 to 2 hours. The phytoalexin medicarpin and its antifungal metabolite sativan increase beginning at 4 and 8 hours, respectively, along with other isoflavonoids. In contrast, during colonization of alfalfa roots by the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme, expression of the general phenylpropanoid and flavonoid genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase increases while mRNA levels for the phytoalexin-specific isoflavone reductase decrease. The total isoflavonoid content of colonized roots increases with time and is higher than that of uninoculated roots, but the accumulation of the antifungal medicarpin is somehow suppressed. An isoflavone reductase genomic clone has been isolated, promoter regions have been fused to the reporter gene β-glucuronidase, and the promoter-reporter fusions have been transformed into tobacco and alfalfa. Using histological staining, we have studied the developmental and stress-induced expression of this phytoalexin-specific gene in whole plants at a more detailed level than other methods allow. The isoflavone reductase promoter is functional in tobacco, a plant which does not synthesize isoflavonoids. Infection of transgenic alfalfa plants by Phoma causes an increase in β-glucuronidase staining, as does elicitation of transgenic alfalfa cell cultures, indicating that this promoter fusion is a good indicator of phytoalexin biosynthesis in alfalfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033879
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutive expression of an inducible β-1,3-glucanase in alfalfa reduces disease severity caused by the oomycete pathogenPhytophthora megasperma f. spmedicaginis, but does not reduce disease severity of chitin-containing fungi (1996)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 5 (1996), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; chitinase ; glucanase ; transgenic ; plants ; antifungal proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract cDNA sequences coding for an acidic glucanase (Aglul) that is expressed in elicited alfalfa cell suspension cultures, and a rice basic chitinase (RCH10) that is induced by elicitor and wounding, were placed into constitutive expression cassettes under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or 35S enhancer sequences, and introduced in alfalfa plants of the regenerable cultivar Regen SY byAgrobacterium-mediated transformation. Southern and northern blot analysis confirmed stable incorporation and transcription, respectively, of the chimaeric genes in the transgenic plants. Active rice chitinase was expressed in alfalfa leaves, and leaves of plants transformed with theAglul sequence exhibited increased glucanase activity and the appearance of an additional glucanase band on activity gels. A glucanase of similar native electrophoretic mobility was constitutively present in root extracts of non-transformed alfalfa plants, and was induced in pathogen-infected leaves, presumably reflecting the expression pattern of the endogenousAglul gene. Thus, expression of the chimaericAglul transgene increased the amount, and broadened the tissue-type constitutive expression, of theAglul protein compared to control plants. Transgenic alfalfa plants containing a binary vector with both chimaeric genes in tandem expressed each gene to a much lesser extent than transgenic plants containing a single chimaeric gene. Expression of RCH10 in transgenic alfalfa did not appear to affect negatively theRhizobium/alfalfa interaction. Analysis of primary transformants for response to several fungal pathogens of alfalfa indicated statistically significant symptom reduction only in the case ofPhytophthora megasperma f. sp.medicaginis (Pmm), and only in plants overexpressingAglul. Resistance against Pmm segregated with glucanase expression in a cross between transgenic Regen SY and the commercial alfalfa cultivar Apollo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968941
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inclusion volume solid-phase synthesis (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 2 (1996), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: solid-phase synthesis ; peptide synthesis ; multiple synthesis ; inclusion volume synthesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid-phase synthesis of peptides was carried out using only the volume of the solvent included in the swollen solid-phase resin beads [inclusion volume synthesis]. This approach enables (i) the use of higher concentrations of activated amino acids, resulting in increased coupling rates, (ii) drastically decreased consumption of solvents, and (iii) the construction of multiple peptide synthesizers having virtually no reaction vessels.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.310020402
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A ring-bracing approach to computer-assisted ligand design (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 15 (1994), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Rigid inhibitors suffer a smaller loss of conformational entropy when they bind to a macromolecular receptor than their acyclic counterparts. They can also be useful for elucidating pharmacophores due to their reduced conformational space and may be more amenable to synthesis. Computational approaches to rational drug design should therefore take these factors into consideration when suggesting possible compounds. We describe how an acyclic chain which links two parts of a receptor site can be ‘braced’ using ring templates. The acyclic chains may be produced from a number of sources, including lattices or the structures of known inhibitors. The resulting structures contain a rich variety of isolated and fused ring systems, which provide many useful molecular skeletons for subsequent inhibitor design. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540150213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent computational developments with the self-consistent electron pairs method and application to the stability of glycine conformers (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Significant improvements in calculational efficiency and capability with the self-consistent electron pairs (SCEP) method has resulted from several new computational developments. A new procedure for constructing the important internal Coulomb and exchange operators has substantially reduced the preiteration time. A general scheme for utilizing molecular symmetry has been used to advantage in reducing the number of pair functions and external operators that must be found explicitly at each iteration. A projection operator tool has been implemented and found to be quite effective at minimizing the number of iterations required at some point on a potential energy surface when an SCEP wavefunction exists for some nearby point. These and other improvements in the program construction have yielded sizable reductions in time for some representative test cases, including water and a potential energy curve for formaldehyde. The new SCEP program also performs low-order perturbation theory treatments and coupled electron pair approximation (CEPA) calculations using the same operator approach. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by very large scale calculations on the stability of the two interstellar glycine conformers. These calculations involve the variational treatment of 82,205 symmetry-adapted singly and doubly substituted configurations involving 225 internal electron pairs.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540020308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbital electronegativity and analytical representation of atom valence state energyDedicated to the memory of Prof. Alojzy Golebiewski (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 1016-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: An analytical representation of atom valence state energy (E(nj), j = 1,…4; E(nj) is a nonlinear function of orbital occupancy numbers nj) is proposed and explicitly derived for H—Ar; the values of electronegativity calculated based on E(nj) agree within truncation error with those of Hinze and Jaffe. However, in our representation, orbital electronegativity χ and hardness parameters η of a given orbital always include nonlinear contributions from other orbitals, hence accounting for their influence on χ and η. An atomic charge calculation procedure based on E(nj) is also described and shown to perform well.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540100806
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