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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of centrifugation on the viability of Burkitt lymphoma cellsContribution No. 1126 from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Presented at the 154th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 10-15, 1967. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study reports some findings on the effects of centrifugation on the viability of mammalian cells. The authors used Burkitt lymphoma cells cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for all experiments. Batch centrifugations were conducted in a RC2-B centrifuge (Ivan Sorvall, Incorporated, Norwalk, Connecticut USA) operated at 0 and 25°C. During centrifugation we exposed the cells to gravitational fields ranging from 24,800 to 42.200g. The results showed that at, 0°C and 25,800 or 42,000g no loss in cell viability occurred for up to 90 min exposures in the centrifugal field. However, at 25°C and for gravitational fields of 24,800 and 42,000g, there were appreciable losses in cell viability. Continuous centrifugation studies in the Sharples supercentrifuge (Division of Penn Salt Corporation, Warminister, Pennsylvania USA) were also conducted with bowl speeds up to 28,000 rpm (19,000g) and flow rates ranging from 1.4 to 20 1, hr. Slight, losses in cell viability were noted and postulated as caused by the shear stresses encountered by the cells. Some pumping studies using the lymphoma cells substantiate this conclusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100509
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cell adhesion peptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus can direct cell targeted delivery of a functional enzyme (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 294-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: RGD ; FMDV ; internalization ; integrins ; cell binding ; β-galactosidase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The G-H loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus is a disordered protrusion of the VP1 protein exposed on the virion surface. This short stretch includes an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid tripeptide, a recognized integrin-binding motif, which is responsible for cell attachment and infection. Eight copies of a peptide reproducing the amino acid sequence of this FMDV ligand have been displayed in solvent-exposed regions on an enzymatically active recombinant β-galactosidase. This viral peptide segment enables the chimeric enzyme to bind mammalian cell lines with different efficiencies, probably depending on the number of suitable cell receptors present on each of them. Moreover, it also promotes the internalization of the attached enzyme, which is transiently active inside the cells. These results suggest further exploration of the potential use of short adhesion peptides of viral origin as cell attachment tags to direct the targeted delivery of both genes and enzymes, instead of whole, infectious viruses. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:294-301, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size, charge and structural heterogeneity of Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 7 (1986), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenol extracted, alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide (aLPS) from vaccine strain (S19) Brucella abortus was demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to consist of at least ten silver staining, polydisperse analogues having different pIs. When tested on nitrocellulose immunoblots, all ten were antigenically reactive with bovine anti-B. abortus polyclonal sera, but only six reacted with anti-B. abortus O-antigen murine monoclonal antibody. Analogues focusing at different pIs were concluded to arise from differences in either core or O-antigen side chain structure or because of covalently bound protein. While not qualitatively different, aLPS from pathogenic B. abortus strain 2308 had lesser amounts of analogues 1, 2, 5, 6, and 8 than did aLPS from strain 19 (vaccine). The 2-D gel electrophoresis method was demonstrated to be of value in the analysis of aLPS from B. abortus and may be useful in the study of lipopolysaccharides from other sources.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150070608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical detection of underivatized oligo- and polysaccharides with surfactant-controlled electroosmotic flow (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Polysaccharides ; Electrochemical detection ; Cu electrode ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complex polysaccharide mixtures were analyzed directly without derivatization by capillary zone electrophoresis in strongly alkaline solutions and electrochemical detection at a Cu electrode. The positively charged surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was included in the electrophoresis medium in order to reverse the electroosmotic flow and permit elution to be in order of increasing polysaccharide size. Carbohydrate samples analyzed by this approach included linear maltoses, enzymatically hydrolyzed starch, and commercially available dextrans of up to an average molecular weight of 18 300. Detection by constant-potential oxidation at a Cu electrode was very sensitive, with detection limits for individual carbohydrates generally below the femtomole level.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150170206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis with dual-parallel on-capillary electrodes (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2226-2232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Electrochemical detection ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Dual-parallel electrodes ; On-capillary electrodes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach for dual electrode electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis (CEEC) is described. In this approach, two identical capillaries, each containing an on-capillary electrode incorporated permanently onto its tip, were paired together for simultaneous sample injection and detection. This procedure permitted dual-parallel detection to be performed without the need for painstaking alignment of the electrodes with respect to one another and to the capillary outlet as is required for the off-capillary microelectrode systems usually employed in CEEC. As a result, independent detection at two electrodes held at different potentials or at two electrodes of different composition or structure could be performed simply and with wide flexibility. Fabrication of on-capillary electrodes was carried out by sputter-coating the exit end of the capillaries with a thin layer of Au or Pt. Dual electrode system performance was demonstrated by separation and analysis of phenol and catechol samples. In addition, the detection system was coupled with glucose oxidase for the selective detection of glucose.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191230
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of CTP-ligated T state aspartate transcarbamoylase at 2.5 Å resolution: Implications for ATCase mutants and the mechanism of negative cooperativity (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 15 (1993), S. 147-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: X-ray crystallography ; pAR5 mutant ; allosteric enzyme ; ligand-induced negative cooperativity ; alternative amino acid conformations ; coordinate error ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The X-ray crystal structure of CTP-ligated T state aspartate transcarbamoylase has been refined to an R factor of 0.182 at 2.5 Å resolution using the computer program X-PLOR. The structure contains 81 sites for solvent and has rms deviations from ideality in bond lengths and bond angles of 0.018 Å and 3.722°, respectively. The cytosine base of CTP interacts with the main chain carbonyl oxygens of rTyr-89 and rIle-12, the main chain NH of rIle-12, and the amino group of rLys-60. The ribose hydroxyls form polar contacts with the amino group of rLys-60, a carboxylate oxygen of rAsp-19, and the main chain carbonyl oxygen of rVal-9. The phosphate oxygens of CTP interact with the amino group of rLys-94, the hydroxyl of rThr-82, and an imidazole nitrogen of rHis-20. Recent mutagenesis experiments evaluated in parallel with the structure reported here indicate that alterations in the hydrogen bonding environment of the side chain of rAsn-111 may be responsible for the homotropic behavior of the pAR5 mutant of ATCase. The location of the first seven residues of the regulatory chain has been identified for the first time in a refined ATCase crystal structure, and the proximity of this portion of the regulatory chain to the allosteric site suggests a potential role for these residues in nucleotide binding to the enzyme. Finally, a series of amino acid side chain rearrangements leading from the R1 CTP allosteric to the R6 CTP allosteric site has been identified which may constitute the molecular mechanism of distinct CTP binding sites on ATCase. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340150206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and analysis of crystal forms of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 17 (1993), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: bacterial toxins ; superantigens ; X-ray crystallography ; crystallization ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Native toxic shock syndrom toxin 1 (TSST-1) purified from Staphylococcus aurius has been crystallized in four different forms. The highest resolution data (2.05 Å) was collected from orthorhombic crystals belonging to the space group C2221. The unit cell dimension are a = 108.7 Å, b = 177.5 Å, c = 97.6 Å. Rotation function analysis of this from indicates that there is trimer of toxin molecules in the asymmetric unit with a local 3-fold axis parallel to the crystallographic c axis. Crystals of a double mutant of TSST-1 have been grown which has a single molecule in the asymmetric unit and diffract to 1.9 Å. The space group is P21 with unit cell parameters of a = 44.4 Å, b = 34.0 Å, c = 55.2 Å, β = 93.0°. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340170310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain sorghum stillage recycling: Effect on ethanol yield and stillage quality (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1735-1738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stillage obtained from ethanol production of grain sorghum was separated into two fractions: thin stillage and wet solids. A portion of the thin stillage was recycled as cooking water in subsequent fermentation runs using both bench- and full-scale ethanol production plants. When thin stillage replaced 50-75% of the cooking water, large increases occurred in solids content, COD, and EC of the resulting thin stillage. It was found that while the volume of thin stillage requiring treatment or disposal was reduced, there was little reduction in the total pollutant load. Stillage rcycling had little effect on the quality of the stillage wet solids fraction. At the high levels of stillage recycle used, ethanol yield was reduced after three to five runs of consecutive recycling.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260271217
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 2267-2278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Electrochemical detection ; Decoupling ; Capillary-electrode alignment ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent advances in the design and application of electrochemical detection (EC) systems in capillary electrophoresis (CE) are reviewed, with the objective of providing the non-electrochemist with a state-of-the-art picture of CEEC instrumentation and an overview of the primary analytes and samples for which the technique is best suited. In particular, instrument innovations designed to aid in decoupling the CE and EC systems electrically and in aligning them physically are described in detail. In addition, CEEC applications are summarized for four specific analyte groups: catecholamines, thiols and disulfides, amino acids, and carbohydrates. On this basis, it is clear that EC techniques have reached a stage where they are already having a significant impact on CE usage in selected areas of analysis. Continued developments with respect to new electrode materials and electrode configurations promise to broaden this impact further.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181217
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