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Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms (1985)

West, Robert J. ; Russell, Michael A. H.

Springer

Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 334-336

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Keywords: Withdrawal ; Cigarette ; Nicotine ; Dependence ; Motivation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Twenty-nine cigarette smokers completed a smoking motivation questionnaire and had expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and plasma nicotine concentrations measured prior to abstaining from smoking for 24 h. Before and after the abstinence period, the subjects rated mood and physical symptoms known to be affected by cigarette abstinence (e.g. irritability, restlessness). Scores on the “dependent smoking” subscale of the smoking motivation questionnaire correlated significantly with overall withdrawal severity, craving, and increased irritability. “Indulgent smoking” scores correlated positively with increased hunger. Pre-abstinence plasma nicotine concentration significantly pedicted craving, hunger, restlessness, inability to concentrate and overall withdrawal severity, while expired-air CO predicted craving and restlessness only. Usual daily cigarette consumption did not significantly predict any withdrawal effects. The data indicate that pre-abstinence measures of smoking motivation and smoke intake may provide a guide to withdrawal severity on smoking cessation and that smokers with a high pre-abstinence nicotine intake experience the greatest discomfort.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432717

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Synthetic and Structural Studies of 1-Sila-2,5-diaryltetrazenes (1997)

Frenzel, Andrea ; Buffy, Jarrod J. ; Powell, Douglas R. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1579-1583

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ISSN: 0009-2940

Keywords: Silatetrazenes ; Nitrogen-silicon ring systems ; Bissilylamines ; Silicon-29 solid state NMR ; Aryl azides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The reaction between aryl azides and lithiated aryl amines leads to tetrazenes 3 and 9 which contain a chain of four nitrogen atoms. Reaction with different halosilanes gives the cyclic silatetrazenes 10, 12, and 15 where substitutents on the silicon vary form alkyl to hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The structures of 10, 12, and 15 in the solid state are reported. Variation of the solvent and the Lewis acidity of the halosilane influence the ratio of silatetrazene to side products, bissilyated amines. These effects are studied for different halosilanes.

Additional Material: 2 Tab.