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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a ventral medial hypothalamic lesion on the insulin-induced hypotensive response in normal rats (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Insulin ; VMH ; Cardiovascular response ; VMH lesion ; Blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cardiovascular responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied in normal and ventral medial hypothalamic (VMH)-lesioned rats. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of the VMH in mediating the insulin-induced decreases in cardiovascular tone. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane/chloralose. Following the induction of anesthesia, the trachea, femoral artery, and femoral vein were cannulated. The femoral artery was attached to a pressure transducer for cardiovascular monitoring. The cardiovascular activity was recorded using a Modular Instruments Micro 5000 signal processing system. The mean arterial pressure and pulse pressures and heart rate were evaluated. In control studies, a stable plasma glucose and blood pressure were obtained with urethane/chloralose anesthesia for the duration of the experiments. Insulin (2.0 or 5.0 U/kg) significantly decreased the plasma glucose as well as the blood pressure. In VMH-lesioned rats, the lesions were accomplished by radiofrequency, and the cardiovascular response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was investigated 1 or 6 weeks later. There was no difference in the cardiovascular response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia between the low or high insulin dose after 1 week in VMH-lesioned animals. The low dose after 6 weeks in VMH-lesioned animals did not produce a change in the mean arterial pressure response compared with controls. The pulse pressure was higher than in the sham-lesioned animals, and the plasma glucose response was greater. The high dose after 6 weeks in VMH-lesioned animals in contrast to sham-lesioned animals led to an increased cardiovascular response instead of a decrease. We propose that the decrease in cardiovascular activity in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal animals can be attributed to a direct or indirect effect on vascular dilation as well as possibly to an inhibition of sympathetic firing. However, it appears that insulin increases the vascular dilation as well as the parasympathetic tone after 1 week in the VMH-lesioned animals, similar to the findings in sham-lesioned animals. However, after 6 weeks, the insulin-induced decreased cardiovascular tone is minimal. Thus, we believe hat the VMH does not have a direct effect in modulating the insulin-induced decrease in cardiovascular tone, but its destruction appears to influence other regulatory centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570542
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of general and selective β-adrenergic antagonists on insulin-induced cardiac and selected vascular responses in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 36 (1999), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Insulin ; β-adrenergic ; Blood pressure ; Blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Insulin administration results in vasodilation, decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and increased conductances (flow/MAP) in various vascular beds. β-adrenergic blockers antagonize this response, but the mechanism of the interplay between insulin-induced vasodilation and β-adrenergic antagonism is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of β-blockade using the selective β2 antagonist ICI 118551 or the general β-antagonist propranolol on insulin-induced cardiac and regional flow responses in normal rats. Insulin-induced responses were also examined following adrenalectomy. Rats were anaesthetized and the femoral vein and artery were cannulated for infusions, sampling or monitoring of MAP and heart rate (HR). The iliac, renal, and superior mesentery arteries were equipped with pulsed-Doppler flow probes. Blood samples were collected at selected intervals. Insulin decreased blood glucose, MAP and increased conductances. Pretreatment with propranolol not only antagonized the insulin-induced decrease in MAP and increased conductance but insulin also then increased MAP and decreased conductances. ICI 11851, like propranolol, antagonized the insulin-induced decrease in MAP and increased iliac and renal artery conductances. Adrenalectomy did not alter the maximum insulin-induced effects on MAP and conductances but prevented the rebound recovery phase. β-blockade following adrenalectomy had the same effects as β-blockade alone on the insulin-induced responses. We conclude that the insulin-induced decrease in MAP and the increased flow in the selective vascular beds are modulated by a sympathetic β2-receptor-mediated pathway and this response is not due primarily to the release of adrenal catecholamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050145
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of extracellular proteins in the rat cumulus oophorus (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 25 (1990), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Oocyte investments ; Cumulus matrix ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have examined the proteins associated with the mucous matrix of the rat cumulus oophorus and compared them to the composition of rat serum, follicular fluid, ampullary fluid, and oocyte-cumulus cell extract. The cumulus matrix was dispersed using Streptomyces hyaluronidase, and the proteins were analyzed by highresolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with proteins of the serum, proestrous follicular fluid, and postvulatory ampullary fluid and extracts of oocytes and cumulus cells. In addition to albumin and transferrin, which were common to all the fluids analyzed, the cumulus material contained many proteins in common with the follicular fluid and the ampullary fluid. However, the protein extract of the cumulus matrix also contained four major proteins not present in the other fluids analyzed. Two of these proteins were acidic and heterogenous in charge and size (MW ∼81,000 and 100,000). The other two proteins were more basic and occurred at MW ∼90,000 and 150,000. Our results show that the extracellular matrix of the cumulus contains proteins that are not present in the fluids that surround the oocyte.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080250405
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve growth factor biosynthesis: Isolation and characterization of a guinea pig prostate kallikrein (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 29 (1985), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: guinea pig ; kallikrein ; nerve growth-factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Guinea pig prostate contains one major soluble esteropeptidase activity. The protein has been purified and characterized and found to be a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain. The molecular weight of the deglycosylated protein is approximately 26,000. The esteropeptidase has a similar Km for lysine and arginine synthetic substrates, although the Vmax for arginine is much greater than that for lysine. Amino-terminal sequence analysis has also revealed a marked degree of homology to mouse γ-nerve growth factor (NGF) and the kallikrein family of serine proteases. In contrast to γ-NGF, however, the guinea pig enzyme does not appear to form stable complexes with β-NGF.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240290405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of glandular kallikreins as growth factor processing enzymes: Structural and evolutionary considerations (1987)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 33 (1987), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: precursor ; hormone ; limited proteolysis ; submandibular gland ; prostate ; nerve growth factor ; epidermal growth factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Hormones and growth factors are generally released from larger precursors by limited proteolysis. The causative agents remain poorly defined with respect to location and properties. One subset of proteases, the glandular kallikreins, have been implicated in a few cases, in part because of their specific association with mature forms of some hormones. However, limited distribution and low copy number in some species cast doubt on this hypothesis, and they may well play other physiological functions that remain to be elucidated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240330107
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