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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words SHR ; Endothelium-dependent relaxation ; Rat mesenteric vascular bed ; Rat thoracic aorta ; Bradykinin Acetylcholine ; Age dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study examined whether alterations of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine and bradykinin ran parallel. We tried to find out the age at which endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to each agonist became impaired and compared three different groups of SHR aged 7, 21 and 51 weeks. To be able to separate hypertension-induced alterations from age-dependent changes age-matched normotensive Wistar rats were included. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was studied in the mesenteric vascular bed precontracted with noradrenaline, a typical resistance vessel, which showed relaxation to both acetylcholine and bradykinin, and the precontracted thoracic aorta, which only responded to acetylcholine. There were major differences in the agonist-dependent vasorelaxation between bradykinin and acetylcholine in SHR as a function of age. A surprising finding was that acetylcholine-induced relaxation was preserved, even slightly improved not only in young SHR (7 weeks) with developing hypertension but also in adult SHR (21 weeks) with established hypertension, which can be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism. As expected, in old SHR (51 weeks) acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was impaired as a consequence of the detrimental effects of long-term hypertension on endothelium. The parallel changes observed with acetylcholine in the mesenteric vascular bed and thoracic aorta provided mutual confirmation. In clear contrast to acetylcholine bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation was already impaired in young SHR with developing hypertension suggesting that bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation is either much more sensitive to detrimental effects of (even slightly) increased blood pressure or, more likely, that there is a basic deficiency in the action of bradykinin in SHR. Thus, our study allows to conclude that impairment of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the mesenteric vascular bed of SHR is a secondary phenomenon developing as a consequence of long-term hypertension while the impaired bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation seems to be a primary phenomenon that could be closely related to the development of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 154 (1971), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Blood-pH ; resp. Acidosis ; Cardiovascular Drugs ; Blut-pH ; resp. Acidose ; kreislaufaktive Pharmaka
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Elektrisch gereizte Vorhofpräparate des Meerschweinchens wurden in einem Tyrodebad suspendiert, dessen pH durch Begasung mit verschiedenen CO2-Konzentrationen auf 7,0, 7,4 bzw. 7,8 eingestellt wurde. Kontraktionskraft und maximale Kontraktionsgeschwindigkeit der Vorhöfe wurden durch diese pH-Änderungen nicht beeinflußt. Der positiv inotrope Effekt von Tyramin, Isoproterenol und Calcium war bei pH 7,0 abgeschwächt, bei pH 7,8 verstärkt. An narkotisierten Katzen wurde durch Beatmung mit 10 bzw. 20% CO2 eine respiratorische Acidose mit pH-Werten von 7,15 bzw. 7,0 erzeugt. Dabei traten eine mäßige Zunahme der Herzfrequenz, der maximalen Druckanstiegsgeschwindigkeit (dp/dtmax) und des systolischen Femoralisdruckes ein. Die Wirkung aller untersuchten Pharmaka war in Acidose abgeschwächt, wobei sich aber folgende quantitative und qualitative Unterschiede ergaben: 1. Die blutdrucksenkende Wirkung des Isoproterenols und die blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung des Noradrenalins waren stärker abgeschwächt als ihre positiv inotrope Wirkung am Herzen. 2. Die pressorische Wirkung des Angiotensins und Noradrenalins war weniger beeinträchtigt als die des Naphazolins. 3. Die blutdrucksenkende Wirkung des Acetylcholins war im Gegensatz zu der des Isoproterenols weniger abgeschwächt.
    Notes: Summary Experiments were performed on guinea pigs isolated atria which were stimulated electrically. If the pH of the tyrode solution was changed by variation of pCO2 no alteration of force of contraction and maximal velocity of contraction (dT/dtmax.) occured. The inotropic effects of tyramine, isoproterenol and calcium were diminished at pH 7.0 and increased at pH 7.8. During respiratory acidosis (pH 7.0) anaesthetized cats showed a small increase in heart rate, left ventricular dp/dtmax. and arterial blood pressure. The effects of all tested drugs were diminished in acidosis, whereby the following qualitative and quantitative differences appeared: 1. The depressive effect of isoproterenol and the stimulating effect of norepinephrine on arterial blood pressure were much more diminished than the positive inotropic effect of these drugs. 2. The effect of angiotensin and norepinephrine on arterial blood pressure was less affected than that of naphazoline. 3. The effect of acetylcholine on arterial blood pressure was scarcely diminished in contrast to that of isoproterenol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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