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  • Bovidae  (2)
  • Bubalus bubalis L.  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Karyotypic Analysis of Nilgai, Boselaphus Tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 6 (1998), S. 505-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): Artiodactyla ; Bovidae ; comparative cyto-genetics ; karyotype ; molecular cytogenetics ; nilgai
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A combination of chromosomal banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize the karyotype of Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) relative to the domestic cattle standard karyotype. G-, Q- and C-band karyotypes of nilgai are presented, and the chromosomal complement of nilgai is determined to be 2n = 46 (female FN = 60, male FN = 59; NAA = 56), consistent with previous reports for the species. Comparisons with cattle identified extensive monobrachial homologies with some noteworthy exceptions. Chromosome 25 is centrically fused to 24, and chromosome 16 is acrocentric. Both appear to have additional pericentromeric material not seen in the equivalent cattle acrocentrics. This pericentromeric chromatin may be the result of de novo additions or translocation of pericentromeric material from chromosome 6, which is shown to be centrically fused to 13 but is only about two-thirds the length of cattle 6. Comparisons with cattle demonstrated that nilgai chromosome 17 has undergone a paracentric inversion and that chromosome 20 has two blocks of interstitial constitutive heterochromatin. The identities of both chromosomes were confirmed by chromosomal FISH. Furthermore, chromosomal banding and FISH were used to determine that autosome 14 has been fused to the ancestral X and Y of nilgai to form compound neo-X and -Y chromosomes. Additional FISH analyses were conducted to confirm other proposed chromosome homologies and to identify nucleolar organizing regions within the nilgai complement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009268917856
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of the Tribe Bovini (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Bovinae) with an Emphasis on Sex Shromosome Morphology and NOR Distribution (1999)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 7 (1999), S. 481-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): Bovidae ; comparative cytogenetics ; molecular cytogenetics ; ruminants ; sex chromosomes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Q-band comparisons were made among representative species of the four genera of the tribe Bovini (Bos, Bison, Bubalus, Syncerus) as well as to selected outgroup taxa representing the remaining two tribes of the subfamily Bovinae (nilgai, Boselaphini; eland, Tragelphini), the Bovidae subfamily Caprinae (domestic sheep) and the family Cervidae (sika deer and white- tailed deer). Extensive autosomal arm homologies were noted, but relatively few derivative character states were shared. Focus was then made on variation of the sex chromosomes and the chromosomal distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). Bovine BAC clones were used in molecular cytogenetic analyses to decipher rearrangements of the sex chromosomes, and a pocket gopher 28s ribosomal probe was used to map the chromosomal locations of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs). Some of the more noteworthy conclusions drawn from the comparative analysis were that: 1. The Bovidae ancestral X chromosome was probably acrocentric and similar to acrocentric X chromosomes of the Bovinae; 2. The domestic sheep acrocentric X is probably a deriative character state that unites non-Bovinae subfamilies; 3. Bos and Bison are united within the tribe Bovini by the presence of shared derivative submetacentric X chromosomes; 4. Sika and white- tailed deer X chromosomes differ by inversion from X chromosomes of the Bovinae; 5. The Bovini ancestral Y chromosome was probably a small acrocentric; 6. Bos taurus, B. gaurus and B. banteng share derivative metacentric Y chromosomes; 7. Syncerus and Bubalus are united by the acquisition of X-specific repetitive DNA sequence on their Y chromosomes; 8. Bovinae and Cervidae X chromosome centromere position varies without concomitant change in locus order. Preliminary data indicate that a knowledge of the chromosomal distribution of NORs among the Bovidae will prove to be phylogenetically informative.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009254014526
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal localization of the lysozyme gene cluster in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 1 (1993), S. 253-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): Bubalus bubalis L. ; FISH ; lysozyme ; R-banding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lysozyme (LYZ) is an antibacterial enzyme which allows the digestion of bacteria present in tears and saliva. In the true stomach of ruminants LYZ breaks open the bacteria of the foregut, which are subsequently digested by typical mammalian digestive enzymes, allowing the incorporation of nutrients from the bacteria. Southern analysis with a single exon from a cow lysozyme gene revealed that there are about 10 genes in ruminants (Irwin & Wilson 1989), while pig and primates have a single lysozyme gene (Swansonet al. 1991) and camels have two (Irwinet al. 1992). The higher number ofLYZ genes in ruminants is believed to be the result of gene duplication associated with the evolution of foregut fermentation (Irwinet al. 1992). Recently, the genomic organization of the lysozyme gene family has been determined in domestic cattle, and, using a cocktail of genomic clones, the lysozyme gene cluster (LYZ@) was assigned to chromosome (Chr) 5, band 23 by fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) (Gallagheret al. 1993). In our continued effort to test the genetic homology of conserved chromosome banding regions between cattle and river buffalo, and to extend the river buffalo physical gene map, we have mapped theLYZ@ by FISH and R-banding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710130
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