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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antixenotic resistance of subterranean clover cotyledons to redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): mites ; Halotydeus destructor ; resistance ; antixenosis ; feeding ; toughness ; Trifolium subterraneum ; Acarina ; Penthaleidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The short-term response of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acarina: Penthaleidae) to cotyledons of different varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum subsp. subterraneum L.) was assessed by means of paired choice tests, and no-choice tests. H. destructor had lower numbers and fed less on detached cotyledons of resistant than susceptible varieties, yielding a correlation between the numbers of mites and feeding damage to the cotyledons during a three hour test period. For a number of resistant and susceptible varieties, there was a negative correlation between cotyledon deterrence in the three hour choice test and feeding damage to seedling after a two week period. Since the response of the mites to different subclover varieties occurred within three hours, it is concluded that the resistance is based on antixenosis. No evidence was obtained for antifeedant activity in organic solvent extracts from the variety DGI007 (resistant) in comparison with those from the variety Dalkeith (susceptible). Water soluble compounds from DGI007 cotyledons were preferred by mites, in feeding tests in terms of numbers, over those from Dalkeith (susceptible). Squeezed sap from the cotyledons of both varieties showed the same effects on mites as 5% glucose and were more phagostimulatory than water extracts. Mechanically damaged cotyledons of Dalkeith and DGI007 attracted more mites than the undamaged counterparts. The toughness of cotyledons in 17 varieties of T. subterraneum subsp. subterraneum was measured with a manual penetrometer. Results showed a negative correlation between toughness values and mite feeding damage scores (r2=0.752) for all varieties except S3615D (resistant). This implies a likely involvement of epidermal toughness as a contributor in the antixenotic resistance of these varieties. Other mechanisms may be involved in the resistance of S3615D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343335
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Association of natural killer cell immune recovery with a graft-versus-leukemia effect independent of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 74 (1997), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) ; Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) ; Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) ; NK cells ; CD4 cells ; CD8 cells ; Immune recovery ; Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  There is good evidence that T lymphocytes play an important role in the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies. However, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in GVL is less clear. To further investigate a possible association of NK cells with GVL we studied 15 patients undergoing BMT for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), correlating T-cell (CD4+ and CD8+) and NK-cell (CD16+56+) recovery with relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Patients were studied on three occasions up to 9 months after BMT, for lymphocyte surface phenotype and for spontaneous and IL-2-stimulated (LAK cell) cytotoxic function. Circulating CD8+ and NK but not CD4+ cell numbers were significantly lower in five patients who relapsed compared with those remaining in remission after BMT (mean 0.03 vs 0.32×109/l, p=0.002 for CD8+ cells; mean 0.03 vs 0.11×109/l, p=0.002 for NK cells). There was no correlation of CD4+, CD8+, or NK cell numbers and development of grade-II or more acute GVHD. Spontaneous NK cytotoxic function rose to within the normal range in the first month after BMT. LAK function remained low during the study period. These results link NK cell recovery more closely with a GVL than with a GVH effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050246
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of 1-octen-3-one with antixenotic resistance in subterranean clover cotyledons to red-legged earth mite,Halotydeus destructor (Acarina: Penthaleidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 369-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; cotyledons ; redlegged earth mite ; Halotydeus destructor ; deterrence ; 1-octen-3-one ; volatiles ; host resistance ; antixenosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Artificially damaged cotyledons of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) released several volatile metabolites, including 1-octen-3-one, arising from lipid peroxidation. The amount of 1-octen-3-one produced was negatively correlated with feeding damage caused by the red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) in nine out of 10 resistant and susceptibleT. subterraneum varieties tested. The EC50 of this compound in deterring mites from feeding in a membrane bioassay was 50 ppm. Cotyledon toughness was also involved in resistance. The resistant variety, S3615D, which has the lowest toughness value among the resistant varieties, produced the highest amount of 1-octen-3-one recovered from the headspace in 1 hr. Artificially damaged cotyledons of both susceptible Dalkeith and resistant DG1007, growing in shade, showed lower toughness, but had enhanced production of C8 volatile compounds and were avoided by mites during a 3-hr feeding test. When both 1-octen-3-one content and cotyledon toughness value were taken as cofactors in resistance, the resultant multiplication value yielded a more significantly negative correlation with mite feeding damage scores within the 10 varieties than either factor alone. We conclude that 1-octen-3-one has a role in resistance of subclover cotyledon to the mite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055105
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Effect of Volatile Metabolites of Lipid Peroxidation on the Aggregation of Redlegged Earth Mites Halotydeus destructor (Acarina: Penthaleidae) on Damaged Cotyledons of Subterranean Clover (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; redlegged earth mite ; Halotydeus destructor ; cotyledons ; attraction ; repellance ; lipid peroxidation products ; volatiles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Redlegged earth mites (Halotydeus destructor) aggregated in larger numbers on cotyledons of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) previously damaged either by mite feeding or by mechanical injury than on undamaged cotyledons. This effect lasted for up to 7 days. The total volatile fractions derived from crushed cotyledons and its three major components, 2-(E)-hexenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-octen-3-one, were tested for their effect on the aggregation of mites. Significantly more mites gathered on detached cotyledons treated with the metabolites at low concentrations than on controls, with 2-(E)-hexenal being the most effective. Mites were repelled by higher concentrations of the metabolites and 1-octen-3-one, the most active, killed mites at high concentrations. Fewer mites aggregated on DGI007 (resistant) than on Dalkeith (susceptible) cotyledons treated with droplets of the metabolites. The three volatile metabolites were recovered from the headspace of undamaged and of damaged cotyledons. Crushed cotyledons of Dalkeith produced higher levels of 2-(E)-hexenal and lower levels of 1-octen-3-one than undamaged cotyledons. The results suggest that damage-induced metabolites enhance the aggregation of redlegged earth mites at low concentrations and reduce aggregation at high concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006352.68072.22
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