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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Kupfer ; Vitamin C ; Zink ; Schwein ; Ernährung ; Cadmium ; copper ; vitamin C ; zinc ; pig ; nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In commercial pig fattening, copper is added to the feed in amounts that greatly exceed the requirements of the animals. On the one hand, this improves weight gain, but on the other, as we were able to recently prove, the retention of the heavy metal cadmium rises in the kidney, in the liver and in muscle. In a feeding experiment with female and male castrated piglets, we tried to counter the copper-induced rise in cadmium (175 mg Cu/kg feed) by adding zinc or vitamin C to the diet. While addition of 100 or 200 mg zinc per kg of diet had no influence, the addition of 1 000 mg vitamin C reduced the elevated cadmium values in the kidneys and livers to values only determined with a low copper supplementation of 35 mg copper per kg of feed. This positive vitamin C effect not only occurs in cases of high copper supplementation (175 mg Cu/kg feed); when the pigs were given only 35 mg copper per kg of feed, vitamin C also reduced the cadmium content in the organs by 35 to 40 %. This indicates that vitamin C improves the quality of food gained from animals for human consumption in both conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Schweinemast werden dem Futter Kupfermengen zugesetzt, die den Bedarf der Tiere weit übersteigen. Dadurch verbessern sich einerseits die Gewichtszunahmen, andererseits wird jedoch, wie wir in früheren Arbeiten zeigen konnten, in den Nieren, Lebern und im Muskel vermehrt das Schwermetall Cadmium retiniert. In einem Fütterungsversuch mit weiblichen und männlichen kastrierten Ferkeln wurde versucht, diese kupferinduzierte Cadmiumerhöhung (bei 175 mg Cu pro kg Futter) durch Zulage von Zink bzw. Vitamin C zu kompensieren. Während eine Zinkzulage von 100 bzw. 200 mg Zink pro kg Futter die Cadmiumbelastung von Niere und Leber nicht verringern konnte, reduzierte der Zusatz von 1 000 mg Vitamin C die erhöhten Cadmiumgehalte der Organe wieder auf Werte, wie sie bei niedrigem Kupferzusatz (35 mg Cu pro kg Futter) erhalten werden. Dieser positive Effekt von Vitamin C tritt aber nicht nur dann auf, wenn durch hohe Kupfergaben die Cadmiumretention angehoben wurde. Auch bei den Schweinen, die lediglich 35 mg Kupfer in der Diät erhielten, reduziert Vitamin C den Cadmiumgehalt in den Organen signifikant um 35 bis 40 %. Vitamin C liefert damit in jedem Fall einen Beitrag zur Qualitätsverbesserung von Nahrungsmitteln tierischen Ursprungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bone ; Lectins ; Mandible ; Meckel's cartilage ; Rat embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The staining patterns of 24 biotinylated lectins were analyzed in serial sections of the mandible of 13- to 21-day-old rat embryos by means of the avidinbiotin-peroxidase method. A ubiquitous distribution of binding sites was demonstrated after incubation with Con A (Canavalia ensiformis), DSL (Datura stramonium; except bone matrix), and WGA (Triticum vulgare). ECL (Erythrina cristagalli), GSL I (Griffonia simplicifolia), SJA (Saphora japonica), VVL (Vicia villosa), DBA (Dolichus biflorus), UEA I (Ulex europeus), and LTA (Lotus tetragonobolus) were constantly negative. In early stages of development, GSL II (Griffonia simplicifolia II) was a selective marker of prechondral blastema. In contrast, PNA (Arachis hypogaea) did not stain condensing mesenchyme. During chondrogenesis of Meckels's cartilage a general decrease of lectin binding was observed. Mature cartilage matrix was constantly negative. Chondrocytes were marked by the lectins PSA (Pisum sativum), WGA, PHA-E, and PHA-L (Phaseolus vulgaris E and L). A strong GSL II binding was restricted to the mesial-superior region of the perichondrium. In later stages, several lectins revealed significant differences between preskeletal (“central”) areas and the remaining (“peripheral”) mesenchyme. A clear binding reaction was noted in central regions by applying LEA (Lycopersicon esculentum) and STL (Solanum tuberosum), while the peripheral tissue was only faintly stained. Developing bone was specifically marked by succinylated WGA (sWGA). The lectins LCA (Lens culinarus) and RCA (Ricinus communis) bound to fibers and extracellular matrix of the connective tissue. Jacalin (Artocarpus integrifolia) and SBA (Glycine max) binding sites were found in macrophages. Affinity of VAA (Viscum album) increased parallel with maturation of endothelial cells. Specific lectin-binding patterns revealed no correlation with the distribution of glycosaminoglycans. The results demonstrate a general reduction of oligosaccharide structures during development of Meckel's cartilage. From our observations we conclude that intralaminar glucose and/or mannose sequences as well as terminal sialic acid molecules are ubiquitously distributed, while terminal α-fucose was constantly negative. Lectin-binding patterns of macrophages may reflect the presence of specifically linked terminal galactose. Our findings indicate that oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylglucosamine are bone-specific. The significance of the restricted staining of the perichondrium by GSL II remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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