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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Carboplatin ; Irinotecan ; Limited sampling model ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop limited sampling models for estimating the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) of carboplatin. Methods: Based on pharmacokinetic analyses of 14 patients who received 300 mg · m2 of carboplatin over a 90-min infusion following irinotecan, we developed limited sampling models with stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. We validated these models to be unbiased and precise using pharmacokinetic data of a second group of 14 patients. We also compared the observed and the predicted AUC in the patients using Calvert's formula with the patients' renal function. Results: We developed the following models: AUC (mg · ml−1 · min) = 0.784 × C4 + 1.30 (r 2 = 0.930) and AUC = 0.100 × C0.25 + 0.597 × C4 + 0.140 (r 2 = 0.992), where C0.25 and C4 denote unbound plasma concentrations (μg · ml−1) of carboplatin at 0.25 h and 4 h after the end of infusion, respectively. These models were validated to be unbiased and precise: a mean prediction error (MPE) with standard deviation (SD) = 2.41 (9.45)% and a root mean squared error (RMSE) = 9.42% for the one-sample model, and MPE with (SD) = 1.22 (5.56)% and RMSE = 5.49% for the two-sample model. We also calculated predicted AUC in the patients using Calvert's formula: MPE with (SD) =−5.87 (21.5)% and RMSE = 21.5%. Conclusions: These estimations were, as expected, more accurate than the prediction using Calvert's formula based on patients' renal function. The result of this study confirmed the idea that the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from limited sampling models would be more suitable for pharmacokinetic analysis of carboplatin than those obtained using Calvert's formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 194 (1996), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Camellia japonica ; Callose ; Pollen tube ; Callose plug ; Golgi vesicle ; Immuno-localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A polyclonal antibody against β-1,3-glucan, callose, extracted from the pollen tube wall ofCamellia japonica was raised in mice and, using it as a probe, the localization of callose in the germinated pollen was studied. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, callose was found in the tip region of the pollen tube and the tube wall; the immuno-fluorescence in the tube wall was less toward the base of the tube. In contrast, the tip region did not fluoresce although the whole of the tube wall did strongly with aniline blue, the specific dye for callose. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that callose was also found in Golgi vesicles which concentrated in the tip region of the pollen tube, the inner layer of the tube wall, callose plugs, and Golgi vesicles in the pollen grain. Immuno-gold labeling was often detected on the fibrous structures in Golgi vesicles and callose plugs. Based on these results, the participation of Golgi vesicles in the formation of the tube wall and callose plugs was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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