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Protein-phosphatase inhibitors block root hair growth and alter cortical cell shape ofArabidopsis roots (1994)

Smith, R. D. ; Wilson, J. E. ; Walker, J. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Planta 194 (1994), S. 516-524

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Calyculin-A ; Okadaic acid ; Protein phosphatase ; Root development

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that protein phosphatases play an important role in the growth and development of higher plants. We report here on the effects of okadaic acid and calyculin-A, two specific and potent inhibitors of the type-1 and type-2A families of serine/ threonine protein phosphatases, on the growth and development ofArabidopsis thaliana L. roots. Application of these drugs in nanomolar ranges arrested root hair growth, severely affected the shape of cells within the zone of elongation and inhibited root growth rates. Root hair elongation was inhibited by concentrations of okadaic acid and calyculin-A as low as 3 nM. The pleiotropic effects of okadaic acid and calyculin-A point to multiple functions for type-1 and -2A protein phosphatases in controlling root growth and development.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714465

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Copolymers and Fibers from VinylidenedicarbonitrileLecture at the Meeting of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Section “Kunststoffe und Kautschuk”, on April 10th. 1962 at Bad Nauheim (Germany). (1962)

Sprague, B. S. ; Greene, H. E. ; Reuter, L. F. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 425-430

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Copolymers ; Fibers ; Vinylidenedicarbonitrile ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Vinyldendicarbonitrile (Vinylidene cyanide) on free redical catalyzed copolymerization shows a much stronger tendency to form 1:1 alternating copolymers than acrylonitrile. While bulk poly(vinylidene cyanide) fails to crystallize, despite its molecular symmetry, several alternating copolymers are readily crystallizable, notably those containing butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, or vinylidene chloride. Fibers have been prepared from a number of the higher melting copolymers and examined for physical properties. Fibers from the vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride copolymers show expectional elastic behavior both when dry and wet. The fiber from the vinylidene cyanide |vinyl acetate alternating copolymer (Darvan® nytril fiber) is only moderately oriented and is characterized by exceptional softness and excellent elastic recovery and resilience, both when dry and wet.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.