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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-methyl-digoxin (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 302 (1978), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cats ; Cardiac glycosides ; Brain ; Distribution ; Side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tissue/plasma ratio of β-methyl-digoxin for cardiac muscle in cats was about the same 24 h after a single dose of 30 μg/kg as after a loading dose of 30 μg/kg followed by 3 maintenance doses of 7.5 μg/kg at 24 h intervals. The ratio for the brain increased 2-fold during that time. After the i.v. injection of a toxic loading dose of 70 μg/kg β-methyl-digoxin or digoxin, maintenance doses of as little as 15 μg/kg at 48 h intervals sufficed to maintain the minimum plasma glycoside concentrations determined by RIA at about 3 ng/ml. There was no difference in the plasma concentrations or in the severity of intoxication produced by both glycosides. Cats vomited within 3 h after i.v. injection of 100 μg/kg β-methyl-digoxin, whereas a loading dose of 30 μg/kg followed by 3 injections of 7.5 μg/kg at 24 h intervals were well tolerated. The concentration of radioactivity in the brain 3 h after 100 μg/kg was less than 24 h after the last injection of 7.5 μg/kg in the experiments with repeated dosage. Cerebral side-effects such as vomiting, loss of appetite and weight were better correlated with the glycoside concentrations in the plasma than with those in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Methyl-digoxin (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 286 (1974), S. 195-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cats ; Cardiac Glycosides ; Inotropic Action ; Distribution ; Protein Binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tissue distribution and the positive inotropic effect of α- and β-methyl-digoxin, digoxin, and digitoxin were investigated in cats under pentobarbital anaesthesia, the emetic effect of β-methyl-digoxin and digoxin in unanaesthetized animals. 1. The distribution volume calculated by dividing the injected dose by the concentration in the plasma water after 60 min decreased in the order digitoxin 〉 β-methyl-digoxin ≥ α-methyl-digoxin 〉 digoxin. 2. The distribution coefficients between tissue and plasma water decreased for all glycosides in the order kidney 〉 liver 〉 heart 〉 diaphragm 〉 erythrocytes 〉 perirenal fat 〉 brain. 3. α-Methyl-digoxin and digoxin were metabolized to a larger extent than were β-methyl-digoxin and digitoxin. 4. 200 nmoles/kg digoxin produced arrhythmias, whereas equimolar doses of the other glycosides were well tolerated. 5. Except for α-methyl-digoxin, there was a close relation between the increase in dp/dt max and the concentration in the plasma water 60 min after the injection. The differences in the equieffective doses of β-methyl-digoxin, digoxin, and digitoxin can therefore be explained by the differences in tissue distribution. 6. Although higher concentrations of β-methyl-digoxin than of digoxin were found in the brain, there was no difference in the central activity of the two glycosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of hygromycin B, an antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicusPresented in part at the Ninth Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, D.C., October 27-29, 1969.; The use of CMR. spectra in structure determination, I (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 53 (1970), S. 2314-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Antibioticum Hygromycin B, eine Verbindung C20H37N3O13 aus Streptomyces hygroscopicus, wurde hydrolytisch gespalten und die Spaltprodukte charakterisiert und identifiziert. Die Kenntnis ihrer Struktur und die Interpretation von 13C-NMR.- (CMR.)- Spektren führten zur Strukturaufklärung des Antibiotikums.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19700530846
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen von Malonsäureethylesteraniliden mit Heterokumulenen (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 323 (1981), S. 637-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Malonanilic Acid Ethyl Esters with HeterocumulenesMalonanilic acid ethyl esters 1 react with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride to give disodium salts 2. Treatment of 2 with an alkylation reagent yields the openchain or cyclic ketene S,S-acetals 3 and 4, respectively. Adding only one equivalent of methyl iodide to 2 and acidifying the reaction mixture lead to the dithioesters 5. Reaction of 3 with amines or o-amino-thiophenol yields S,N- and N,N-acetals only in some cases. S,N-acetals 6 are further available by addition of phenyl isothiocyanate to 1 whereas N,N-acetals are synthesized, too, by chlorination of 3 and reaction with amines. Acidifying of 11 gives the thioacetoanilides 12. Some more reactions (oxidation of 3a, d and saponification/decarboxylation of 4a) are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19813230416
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