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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Glucose metabolism  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfonated polypropylene ionomers (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Copolymers bropylene-7 methyl 1-6 octadiene ; Sulfonation ; Ionomers aggregation state ; Mechanical properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polypropylene ionomers have been prepared by sulfonation of copolymers of propene and 7 methyl, 1-6 octadiene, followed by neutralization to cesium salts. Both WAXS and SAXS were used to study the morphology of the samples, while their thermal properties were studied by DSC and their mechanical properties by DMTA. The sulfonation process is shown to cause a further drop in crystallinity in addition to the effect of comonomer incorporation. Ion clustering is observed when the extent of sulfonation is high enough, the limit being dependent on the copolymer composition. The ion pairs which are not incorporated into the cluster cause a small-angle upturn in the WAXS pattern. The mechanical properties are strongly affected by the drop in crystallinity, but may be partly recovered due to ion clustering. No disruption of the ion clusters is observed before thermal decomposition of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1994.220050201
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of fluid intake on endurance running performance (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 60 (1990), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Endurance running ; Glucose metabolism ; Rehydration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of drinking water, a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, containing additional free glucose (Glucose) or the same carbohydrate-electrolyte solution containing additional fructose (Fructose), on running performance. Twelve endurance-trained recreational runners volunteered to take part in this study; 9 completed the three and all 12 completed two trials. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three trials: Water, Glucose or Fructose. In each trial the subjects were required to run 30 km as fast as possible on a motorized treadmill, instrumented so that they could control its speed. The carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions contained a total of 50 g carbohydrate, 20 g as a glucose polymer. The Glucose solution contained an additional 20 g free glucose and the Fructose solution contained an additional 20 g fructose rather than glucose. The osmolality of the Glucose and Fructose solutions was approximately 300–320 mosmol and the energy equivalent of both solutions was 794 kJ·l−1. The subjects ingested 11 fluid throughout each run. The running times were not significantly different, being 129.3 (±17.7) min, 124.8 (±14.9) min and 125.9 (±17.9) min for Water, Glucose and Fructose respectively. There was a decrease (P〈0.05) in running speed over the last 10 km of the Water trial from 4.14 (±0.55) to 3.75 (±0.86) m· s−1, which did not occur in the carbohydrate trials. Blood glucose concentrations during the Water trial decreased from 15 km onwards and at the end of the run they were significantly (P〈0.05) lower than the value recorded at 15 km. In contrast they did not decrease in the two carbohydrate trials. There were no significant differences between the responses of the subjects during the Glucose and Fructose trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00846030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on marathon running performance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 70 (1995), S. 154-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Carbohydrate feeding ; Marathon running ; Glucose metabolism ; Hormonal responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the effects of drinking two carbohydrate (CHO) electrolyte solutions and water on marathon running performance. Seven endurance-trained runners completed three 42.2-km treadmill time-trials which were randomly assigned and 4 weeks apart. On each occasion the subjects ingested 3 ml · Kg−1 body weight of either water (W), a 6.9% CHO solution (O) or a 5.5% CHO solution (L) immediately prior to the start of the run and 2 ml · kg−1 body weight every 5 km thereafter. The total volume of fluid ingested [mean (SEM)] was 1112 (42), 1116 (44) and 1100 (44) ml, respectively. Running times for W, O and L trials were 193.9 (5.0), 192.4 (3.3) and 190.0 (3.9) min, respectively. Performance time for the L trial was faster (P 〈 0.05) compared with that of the W trial. Running speed was maintained in the L trial, whereas it decreased after 10 km (P 〈 0.05) in the W and after 25 km (P 〈 0.05) in the O trial. Blood glucose and lactate, and hormonal responses to fluid ingestion were similar in all three trials. Higher plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations were observed at the end of the W trial compared with those obtained after the O and L trials, respectively (P 〈 0.05). Plasma ammonia concentration was higher (P 〈 0.01) at the end of the L trial compared with the W trial. Plasma creatine kinase concentration was higher (P 〈 0.05) 24 h after the completion of the L trial than after the W trial. This study shows that the ingestion of a 5.5% CHO solution improves marathon running performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361543
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of inositol phosphate levels by prostaglandins in cultured endometrial cells (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Stimulation of cultured rabbit endometrial cells by one of the rabbit endometrial cell culture proliferation factors, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), resulted in a very rapid increase in the intracellular levels of [3H]-inositol triphosphate (IP3), [3H]-inositol biphosphate (IP2), and [3H]-inositol monophosphate (IP1) in cells prelabeled with [3H]-inositol. These increases in inositol phosphate levels were detected in periods of stimulation as short as 30 seconds, reached a maximum by 1 1/2-2 min and declined to control levels by 6-10 min. The stimulation was dose-dependent with maximal increases observed near 10-6 M PGF2α. The cholinergic agent, carbachol, also led to time and dose-independent increases in IP3. Lithium, cadmium, silver, copper, and zinc ions had no effect either on the breakdown of IP3 or on the accumulation of IP1. In contrast, vanadate at 10-6 or 10-5 M did lead to a decrease in the breakdown of IP1 and a concomitant increase in IP1, IP2, and IP3. PGF2α was found previously to induce an increase in rabbit endometrial cell DNA synthesis which was inhibited by concomitant or prior addition of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1, in a dose-dependent manner, was found to inhibit the observed IP3 increase by PGF2α at 1 1/2 min of stimulation. PGF2α treated and control cultures did not differ in cAMP or cGMP levels, cellular 45Ca uptake, nor cellular 22Na uptake. We propose that IP3 may be one of the intracellular messenger(s) synthesized following the treatment of rabbit endometrial cell cultures with the proliferation agent PGF2α and that it may play a crucial role with cAMP in growth regulation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041280116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Requirement of prostaglandin F2α in 17β-estradiol stimulation of DNA synthesis in rabbit endometrial cultures (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 292-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have hypothesized that two of the endogenously synthsized endometrial prostaglandins (PGs), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), play a regulatory role in growth control of the rabbit endometrium. PGF2α increases DNA synthesis and PGE1 inhibits that effect. Primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells were used to examine the possible role of these PGs in the mechanism of action of 17β-estradiol on DNA synthesis. Towards this end, binding, second messenger and DNA synthesis experiments were performed. 17β-estradiol stimulation restulted in a time dependent (optimal: approximately 6 h) and 17β-estradiol concentration dependent (optimal: approximately 10-7 M 17β-estradiol in phenol red-containing medium) increase in [3H]PGF2α binding. Scatchard type analysis of the binding data revealed an increase in receptor number while the receptor affinity for [3H]PGF2α remained the same as in the control treated cultures. This 17β-estradiol stimulated increase in PGF2α receptor allowed a suboptimal concentration of PGF2α (10-9M) to increase intracellular levels of inositol polyphosphates, while by itself this concentration of PGF2α caused no significant change in intracellular inositol polyphosphate levels. 17β-estradiol, alone among the several studied steroid hormones, could increase [3H]PGF2α binding. Proliferation studies revealed that, in these primary cultures of rabbit endometrium, 17β-estradiol could increase DNA synthesis but not in the presence of indomethacin, unless PGF2α was addd to the medium at a concentration (10-9M) near or above what is normally accumulated in the medium by these cultures. In the absence of 17β-estradiol stimulation, addition of these same low concentrations of PGF2α had no effect on DNA synthesis. Apparently, through its effect on the PGF2α receptor, 17β-estradiol enhances the PGF2α stimulated DNA synthesis response approximately 100 fold. The DNA synthesis inducd by 17β-estradiol can be inhibited by PGE1, as can PGF2α-induced DNA synthesis. We propose that 17β-estradiol may be mediating its mitogenic effect through an alteration of the prostglandin agonist:antagonist control of proliferation in rabbit endometrial cultures. In additon we suggest that, if 17β-estradiol acts to increase PGF2α receptors as part of its mode of action, this may be of importance in other tissues possessing both prostaglandin and 17β-estradiol receptos.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle x-ray scattering in “bottlebrush” ionomers (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 1979-1986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Block copolymers consisting of long styrene midblocks and much shorter 4-vinyl pyridine end-blocks were quaternized with n-iodo alkanes (2 ≤ n ≤ 10) to give block ionomers of a novel architecture. The name “bottlebrush” seems appropriate for these materials. A preliminary investigation of the morphology of these systems, prepared by in situ quaternization, is reported here. The morphology is dependent on both the length of the iodo alkane and the relative sizes of the blocks. Even with identical sample histories, two distinct morphologies are seen. One of these is characterized by a single broad SAXS peak, while the other shows a much narrower peak and higher-order features. The latter morphology is associated with the higher ionic to nonionic ratios and long side chains.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090281108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on the use of Y-modulation imaging in studies of cuticular surfaces of larval (Philometridae) nematodes (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 311-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyelectrolyte solutions: Intrachain and interchain correlations observed by SANS (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 17 (1979), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.130170608
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