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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 543-557 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopic radioautographs of the tissues of young rats which were sacrificed at various times after a single 3H-ribose injection revealed a wide distribution of the label.Nuclear reactions were seen over hepatocytes and other cell types. After removal of RNA by treatment with RNAse, most nuclear reactions were absent; they were, therefore, attributed to the incorporation of label into newly-synthesized RNA. In about 2% of the nuclei, however, labeling persisted after RNAse, but was absent after DNAse treatment, indicating uptake into newly-synthesized DNA. Hence, ribose may be taken up into nucleic acidsundergoing synthesis.In cells of liver and cartilage as well as in some muscle fibers, moderate reaction appeared over glycogen areas. Removal of the label by salivary amylase confirmed its uptake into glycogen.In mucous and other secretory cells, amylase resistant radioautographic reactions appeared over the Golgi region and later over secretion products. Presumably the label was incorporated into the glycoproteinmoieties of these secretions.Many, if not all, cells in the body appear to be able to utilize free exogenous ribose. It is presumed that ribose is first phosphorylated and then either incorporated into the RNA and DNA being synthesized in the nucleus or converted into the glucose or fructose derivatives used for glycogen and glycoprotein synthesis in the cytoplasm. That these pathways may play a significant physiological role is suggested by the recent finding of free ribose in the blood.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 183 (1988), S. 212-225 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The lens of the eye possesses a capsule which is a greatly hypertrophied basement membrane. To investigate the synthesis of glycoproteins destined for this capsule, 3H-fucose was iryected into the vitreous body of intact rats weighing approximately 200 gm. The animals were killed from 10 min to 14.5 months later, and their lenses were processed for electron microscope radioautography. At 10 min after injection, more than 58% of the silver grains were localized to the Golgi apparatus of the lens epithelial cells. By day 1, the heaviest sites of reaction were the plasma membrane (more than 50% of total label), the basal cytoplasm, and the adjacent lens capsule, where a heavy band of reaction was seen. The remainder of the capsule exhibited a lighter diffuse reaction. In the lens fibers, the label was at first localized to clusters of vesicles but then migrated to the plasma membrane and to the region of the capsule adjacent to the basal surface of these fibers. Light microscope radioautographs of the lens capsule at later time intervals revealed that by 1 month after injection the diffuse reaction had disappeared, and only the strongly labeled band remained. By 14.5 months after injection, this band had migrated partially across the lens capsule, but the capsule itself had increased considerably in thickness. On the other hand, the distance between the labeled band and the free edge of the capsule had decreased from that seen at the time of injection.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 178 (1987), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 3H-fucose was injected into the vitreous body of the eye(s) of 250-gm rats, which were then killed by means of an intracardiac perfusion with glutaraldehyde after intervals of 10 min, 1 and 4 hr, and 1 and 7 days. The eyes were removed and further fixed, and pieces of retina were processed for light and electron microscope radioautography. Light microscope radioautography showed that the pigment epithelial cells actively incorporated 3H-fucose label. The intensity of reaction peaked at 4 hr after injection of the label and then slowly declined. Quantitative electron microscope radioautography revealed that, at 10 min after 3H-fucose injection, over 70% of the label was localized to the Golgi apparatus, indicating that fucose residues are added to newly synthesized glycoproteins principally at this site. With time the proportion of label associated with the Golgi apparatus decreased, but that assigned to the infolded basal plasma membrane, the apical microvilli, and various apical lysosomes increased. These results indicate that in retinal pigment epithelial cells newly synthesized glycoproteins continuously migrate from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes and to various regions of the plasma membrane. In this case, the membrane glycoproteins may play specific roles in receptor functions of the basal plasma membrane or phagocytic activities at the apical surface. Very little label migrated to Bruch's membrane, indicating either a very slow turnover or a paucity of fucose-containing glycoproteins at this site.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that colchicine and vinblastine inhibit secretion in many cell types by interrupting the normal intracellular migration of secretory products. In the present work, radioautography has been used to study the effects of these drugs on migration of membrane and secretory glycoproteins in a variety of cell types. Young (40 gm) rats were given a single intravenous injection of colchicine (4.0 mg) or vinblastine (2.0 mg). At 10 min after colchicine and 30 min after vinblastine administration, the rats were injected with 3H-fucose. Control rats received 3H-fucose only. All rats were sacrificed 90 min after 3H-fucose injection and their tissues processed for light microscope radioautography.Examination of secretory cell types such as ameloblasts and thyroid follicular cells in control animals revealed reactions of approximately equal intensity over the Golgi region and over extracellular secretion products, while in drug-treated rats most of the reaction was confined to the Golgi region. In a variety of other cell types, including endocrine cells (e.g., hepatocytes) and cells generally considered as nonsecretory (e.g., intestinal columnar cells), reaction in control animals occurred both over the Golgi region and over various portions of the cell surface. In drug-treated animals, a strong Golgi reaction was present, but reaction over the cell surface was weak or absent.These results indicate that in many cell types, colchicine and vinblastine inhibit migration out of the Golgi region not only of secretory glycoproteins, but also of membrane glycoproteins destined for the plasma membrane.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the first paper of this series (Bennett et al., 1984), lightmicroscope radioautographic studies showed that colchicine or vinblastine inhibited intracellular migration of glycoproteins out of the Golgi region in a variety of cell types. In the present work, the effects of these drugs on migration of membrane glycoproteins have been examined at the ultrastructural level in duodenal villous columnar cells and hepatocytes.Young (40 gm) rats were given a single intravenous injection of colchicine (4.0 mg) or vinblastine (2.0 mg). At 10 min after colchicine and 30 min after vinblastine administration, the rats were injected with 3H-fucose. Control rats received 3H-fucose only. All rats were sacrificed 90 min after 3H-fucose injection and their tissues processed for radioautography.In duodenal villous columnar cells, 3H-fucose labeling of the apical plasma membrane was reduced by 51% after colchicine and by 67% after vinblastine treatment; but there was little change in labeling of the lateral plasma membrane. Labeling of the Golgi apparatus increased. This suggests that labeled glycoproteins destined for the apical plasma membrane were inhibited from leaving the Golgi region, while migration to the lateral plasma membrane was not impaired. In hepatocytes, labeling of the sinusoidal plasma membrane was reduced by 83% after colchicine and by 85% after vinblastine treatment. Labeling of the lateral plasma membrane also decreased, although not so dramatically. Labeling of the Golgi apparatus and neighboring secretory vesicles increased. This indicates that the drugs inhibited migration of membrane glycoproteins from the Golgi region to the various portions of the plasma membrane. Accumulation of secretory vesicles at the sinusoidal front suggests that exocytosis may also have been partially inhibited. In both cell types, microtubules almost completely disappeared after drug treatment. Microtubules may, therefore, be necessary for intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins, although the possibility of a direct action of these drugs on Golgi or plasma membranes must also be considered.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Young (40 gm) rats were given a single intravenous injection of colchicine (4.0 mg) or vinblastine (2.0 mg). At 10 min after colchicine and 30 min after vinblastine administration, the rats were injected with 3H-fucose. Control rats received 3H-fucose only. All rats were sacrificed 90 min after 3H-fucose injection and their tissues processed for radioautography.In thyroid follicular cells of control animals, at this time interval, 57% of the total label was associated with colloid and secretory vesicles in the apical cytoplasm while 27% was localized in the Golgi apparatus and neighboring vesicles. In experimental animals, the proportion of label in colloid and apical vesicles was reduced by more than 69% after colchicine and more than 83% after vinblastine treatment. The proportion of label in the Golgi region, on the other hand, increased by more than 125% after colchicine and more than 179% after vinblastine treatment. Within the Golgi region, the great majority of the label was associated with secretory vesicles which accumulated adjacent to the trans face of the Golgi stacks. It is concluded that the drugs do not interfere with passage of newly synthesized thyroglobulin from the Golgi saccules to nearby secretory vesicles, but do inhibit intracellular migration of these vesicles to the cell apex. In most cells the number of vesicles in the apical cytoplasm diminished, but this was not always the case, suggesting that exocytosis may also be partially inhibited. The loss of microtubules in drug-treated cells suggests that the microtubules may be necessary for intracellular transport of thyroglobulin.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 94 (1946), S. 57-83 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antibody against the intermediate-sized filaments from gizzard smooth muscle was used to determine the presence or absence of reacting 10-nm filaments in different cell types. The antibody against gizzard 10-nm filaments reacted with filaments in cultured smooth muscle cells, skeletal myotubes and postmitotic skeletal myoblasts. It did not bind to the 10-nm filaments present in replicating presumptive myoblasts and fibroblasts, or the 10-nm filaments in spinal ganglion cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 177 (1986), S. 441-455 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 3H-fucose was injected intravenously or intravitreously into albino rats. After time intervals of 10, 40, and 50 min, 1, 1.5, and 4 hr, 1, 3, and 7 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injection, the animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion with gluteraldehyde. Samples of the ciliary body were prepared for light and electron microscope radioautography. Light microscope autoradiographs showed that the cells of both the inner and outer layers of ciliary epithelium actively incorporated 3H-fucose label in a reaction that peaked in intensity at 4 hr after injection, and then progressively declined. Electron microscope radioautographs revealed that, at early time intervals, most of the label was localized to the Golgi apparatus. With time, the plasma membrane of both cell types became increasingly labeled, and accounted for 60-70% of the total silver grains at 4 hr after injection. Adjacent to the basal cell surface of the inner layer cells, the fibers of the zonula became increasingly labeled from 1.5 hr onwards, providing strong evidence that these cells secrete glycoproteins to the zonula. When vinblastine was administered 30 min before 3H-fucose injection, followed by sacrifice 1.5 hr later, a much larger proportion of label remained localized to the Golgi apparatus than in controls, and the plasma membrane and zonula were much less labeled. These results suggest that, as documented in other cell types, microtubules may play a role in the intracellular transport of membrane and secretory glycoproteins in these cells.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 79 (1941), S. 39-51 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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