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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 145 (1975), S. 239-249 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gross relationships and light microscopic anatomy of the suprarenal gland of a prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis, is described. The left gland is located medial to the pole of the left kidney in a fascial compartment of its own. The right suprarenal is located medial to the pole of the right kidney in intimate apposition to the liver and inferior vena cava. The capsule of the right gland blends with the capsule of the right lobe of the liver and is also contiguous with the adventitia of the inferior vena cava.The histologic appearance of the gland is similar to that of other primate genera. The zona glomerulosa is poorly developed; the zona fasciculata is composed of cell cords and is relatively well developed and the zona reticularis shows no unusual characteristics. The organization of the lipid content of the various cortical zones show a considerably different pattern than previously reported. The zona glomerulosa contains numerous large lipid droplets. In contrast to the bi-laminar pattern of lipid deposition seen in other primates, the Galago shows three distinct layers of lipid droplets in the zona fasciculata. The zona reticularis has a moderate population of lipid droplets essentially similar to that reported in most other forms. The medulla, except for a sparse number of centrally displaced zona reticularis cells, is completely devoid of lipid deposits. The junction of the zona reticularis and medulla is distinct, although a connective tissue capsule is not present.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Human ; Mouse ; MPTP ; Antiparkinsonian medication ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Parkinson's disease has been described as a multisystem disorder that includes alterations in the function of the autonomic nervous system. The activity of the adrenal medulla in this disease has not been thoroughly investigated. Previous reports are reviewed that demonstrate that the adrenal medullae of parkinsonian patients are compromised, having a decreased content of all catecholamines and several neuropeptides. An animal model was used to investigate whether the observations made in human patients were related to extended treatment with antiparkinsonian medications or were a natural concomitant of the disease. Administration of L-dopa and/or carbidopa to C57BL mice for 4-16 weeks had no significant effect on the level of any of the adrenal medullary catecholamines. Treatment with MPTP 4-16 weeks prior to sacrifice did not deplete adrenal medullary catecholamines in these animals, thus not fully mimicking Parkinson's disease in this animal model. The only significant effect was an interaction between group (MPTP or control) and treatment with antiparkinsonian medications; L-dopa, in the absence and presence of carbidopa, had opposite effects in the two groups. Based primarily on the lack of effect of antiparkinsonian medications on adrenal medullary catecholamines, it was concluded that the adrenal medullary depletion observed in human patients was a peripheral concomitant of Parkinson's disease. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 179 (1987), S. 220-231 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the opossum adrenal medulla was examined in its postnatal development. Maturation of chromaffin cells and genesis of chromaffin vesicles were of particular interest. The primitive sympathetic cell was seen to contain few organelles with no apparent polarity. Initial pheochro-moblasts contained more organelles with some polarity. Endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex increased as the pheochromoblasts matured, which suggested increased synthetic activity. Structures resembling Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum/lysosome (GERL) systems were seen in the pheochromoblasts. It is suggested that some of the components of the chromaffin vesicle may be processed by the GERL while others come directly through the Golgi complex. It is stressed that the developing pheochromoblast in the opossum presents an interesting model in which to study the genesis of the chromaffin vesicle.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 178 (1987), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exocytosis is the release of intracellular vesicular contents directly to the cell exterior after fusion of the vesicular and plasma membranes. It is generally accepted as the process by which transmitters and hormones are released from neurons and neurosecretory cells. There is overwhelming biochemical evidence that exocytosis is the mechanism by which catecholamines are released from adrenal chromaffin cells. With the exception of the hamster, however, there is little ultrastructural evidence to support such a mechanism. We have used a modified in vitro tannicacid method to visualize exocytosis by transmission electron microscopy in intact and saponin-permeabilized bovine chromaffin cells. When cells are exposed to tannic-acid-containing medium, the content of vesicles involved in exocytosis is coagulated in situ as the vesicle opens to the exterior. Numerous exocytotic profiles were observed. The exposed vesicle contents appeared more granular than those of vesicles in the cell interior. Tannic acid also made the plasma membrane more distinct. Small holes were apparent in the plasma membrane of saponin-treated cells, with little disruption of underlying cytoplasmic structure. Furthermore, when these cells were stimulated with calcium, exocytosis was evident only at regions of intact plasma membrane, not at the holes. Parallel measurements of secretion showed no secretion in the presence of tannic acid. Pretreatment with tannic acid prevented subsequent secretion by intact cells and markedly reduced that of permeabilized cells, indicating a probable change in the nature of the plasma membrane. Our results provide the first ultrastructural demonstration of exocytosis in bovine chromaffin cells with the aid of transmission electron microscopy. It is also clear that exocytosis is the mechanism of release in both intact and permeabilized cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 179 (1987), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy and histology of the adrenal gland in the adult opossum were found to be typical for mammals. The development of the adrenal medulla was also found to follow the typical mammalian pattern. Primitive sympathetic cells were found in both intra- and extra-adrenal locations in the newborn at a time when chromaffin precursor cells were migrating to the adrenal anlage. Pheochromoblasts first appeared within the forming medulla where at a later stage chromaffin cells could be observed forming columns of cells between adjacent sinusoids. Unlike in other mammals, much of this development takes place postnatally when the neonate is in the mother's marsupium. The value of the developing opossum adrenal medulla as an experimental model is stressed, since a significant amount of development takes place in an environment that is accessible to experimental manipulation.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 316-322 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Secretion ; Electron microscopy ; Tannic acid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Evidence is presented for morphological proof of exocytosis in the rat adrenal medulla in situ. Techniques were modified to allow perfusion of the intact adrenal gland with secretagogues (or electrical stimulation) followed by tannic acid. Unstimulated specimens demonstrated exocytotic (omega-shaped) profiles filled with flocculent material. This flocculation was also seen in the intercellular space. Stimulation of the adrenal medulla also resulted in the appearance of exocytotic profiles and an accumulation of the flocculent mass. This was often most evident in the subendothelial space. This is the first demonstration of exocytosis in the rat adrenal medulla by electron microscopy. The techniques used in this study will be useful for studying the pathway of secretory products of the adrenal chromaffin cell before they enter the vascular system.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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