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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reorganization of cytoskeletal and junctional proteins during cochlear hair cell degeneration (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 18 (1991), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: guinea pig ; organ of Corti ; cytokeratins ; actin ; cingulin ; phalangeal scar ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Experiments were carried out to elucidate changes in cytoskeletal elements and intercellular junctions in the organ of Corti, when hair cells degenerate and phalangeal scars form. Hair cell damage was induced by exposing guinea pigs to high intensity noise. The spatial and temporal changes in the organization of micro-filaments, intermediate filaments, and tight junction-specific proteins were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. The results show that microfilaments, cytokeratins, adherens junctions, and tight junctions rearrange their distribution in damaged areas. From the temporal sequence of these changes it appears that phalangeal scars develop simultaneous with hair cell degeneration, and that the integrity of the luminal membranes in the organ of Corti is not interrupted. Each scar is formed by two supporting cells which expand and invade the sub-apical region of the dying hair cell. This region becomes cytokeratin-positive. The two supporting cells meet at the mid-line of the scar, where a new junctional complex is formed. The junctional complex consists of tight junction and adherens-type junction, but desmosomes are absent.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970180307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic regulation in mammalian sperm: Mitochondrial volume determines sperm length and flagellar beat frequency (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 19 (1991), S. 180-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; cilia and flagella ; mechanochemical transduction ; dynein ; cell motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the absence of glycolytic support, mammalian sperm derive their energy for motility from a densely packed array of mitochondria at the base of the flagellum known as the midpiece. Using data on the morphometric dimensions of over 200 mammalian species, we found that an allometric relationship exists between midpiece length (Lm) and flagellum length (Lf). Specifically, the length of the midpiece varies approximately as the 3/2 power of the flagellar length although the proportionality constant is different for eutherian and marsupial sperm. In contrast, when we corrected for the fraction of the midpiece that was taken up by mitochondria, a single linear correlation between mitochondrial volume and flagellar length for all mammals was found. These allometric relationships were used along with basic flagellar hydrodynamic theories to establish a unifying equation that predicted flagellar frequencies for any mammalian sperm between 40 μm and 200 μm in length. These findings imply that, at least in mammals, the mechanisms for energy production and dissipation in sperm flagella are highly conserved.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970190306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Junctional complexes in the preimplantation rabbit embryoSupported by grant HD 09462 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. We would especially like to thank Dr. Karl Pfenninger for extensive assistance in freeze-cleave techniques with the blastocysts. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 17-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology and development of junctional complexes between blastomeres of the preimplantation rabbit embryo were investigated using several approaches. Electron microscopic examination of embryos stained en bloc with uranyl acetate, and the study of junction permeability using horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum nitrate provided information on structure, intermembrane spacing and permeability of the junctional complexes. In addition, the freeze fracture technique was used with day 5 and day 6 blastocysts, since the large size of these embryos facilitated use of this method. These experiments showed that although rudimentary junctions were present between blastomeres of the early cleavage stages, effective tight junctions were not present until the blastocyst stage. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections revealed apical foci of membrane approximation or “fusion” between trophoblast cells by day 4. Freeze fracturing revealed a lattice of interconnecting ridges (on the A face) and grooves (on the B face) in the apical region between trophoblast cells of the day 5 blastocyst. This lattice formed a continuous band along the apical margin of each cell, and therefore constituted a zonula occludens. The zonula occludens of the day 5 blastocyst averaged 2-3 ridges per lattice, while day 6 blastocysts had lattices that averaged 5-6 ridges. Also seen in the freeze fracture replicas from the day 5 and day 6 blastocysts were local accumulations of intramembranous particles on the A face. These particles were often observed in aggregates similar to those of previously described gap junctions. It could not be determined whether these small regions of particles were true gap junctions or a possible primitive form of gap junction because the complementary pitted surfaces (B face pits) were not demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve pathways between the pterygopalatine ganglion and eye in cats (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 222 (1988), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By dissection of thiocholine-stained orbital preparations, it has been determined that three different nerve pathways link the pterygopalatine ganglion and the eye in cats. (1) Nerves from the proximal half of the ganglion join a plexus of nerves and ganglion cells in the rete mirabile of the maxillary artery. Branches of the internal carotid nerve also supply this plexus. Fine nerves from the plexus travel to the optic nerve and then to the eye, accompanying both the nasociliary nerve that passes through the rete and the ciliary arteries that arise from the rete. (2) One or more nerves from the nerve of the pterygoid canal and from a prominent accessory ganglion near the orbital apex course to the inferior optic nerve surface at the optic foramen; these then run distally along the optic nerve to fuse with ciliary nerves or to accompany ciliary arteries entering the eye. (3) Other nerves from the pterygopalatine ganglion travel medially around the extraocular muscle cone to join the ethmoidal and infratrochlear branches of the nasociliary nerve; some nerves from the ganglion then take a retrograde course to the optic nerve, where they join ciliary nerves or arteries to the eye. All three pathways may transmit sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic sensory nerve fibers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092220114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of exogenous protein by the preimplantation rabbitThis investigation was supported by grant 2 RO1 HD04962 from The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 179 (1974), S. 311-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of the uptake of exogenous proteins, peroxidase, ferritin, and myoglobin by rabbit blastomeres of different developmental stages was undertaken to determine some of the means by which these stages ingest protein. Exposure of embryos in preimplantation stages, ranging from fertilized ovum to late blastocyst, was carried out in vitro with selected in vivo controls. Blastomeres of early cleavage stages up to the morula show little uptake of peroxidase. However, the endocytosis of peroxidase greatly increases with the morula stages and continues at an elevated level through the blastocyst stages. The uptake of the tracer is initially accomplished via micropinocytotic vesicles and tubules and can have several subsequent fates. The tracer can pass into larger vacuoles and be transported into the cavity of the blastocyst, or can pass into multivesicular bodies where it is presumably degraded by the lysosomal system for cellular use. The use of myoglobin at selected blastocyst stages yielded results similar to those obtained with peroxidase. However, the response by the blastomeres to ferritin is different. Endocytosis of ferritin is scant at all preimplantation stages, even though the ferritin has no difficulty reaching the surface of the blastomeres. The experiment with mechanically denuded blastocysts indicated that ferritin did not adsorb to the cell surface.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091790304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological effects of salt-stress and localization of transport adenosine triphosphatase in the lateral nasal glands of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalisThis work was supported by Research Grant 5 T01 AM13455-04 from the U. S. Public Health Service. Part of the study was completed at the Department of Biological Structure, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 180 (1974), S. 285-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Each of the bilateral nasal glands of Dipsosaurus is surrounded by a thin cartilagenous capsule. A short excretory duct leads to the vestibule of the nasal cavity. This duct connects with the branched principal secretory tubules that end in small terminal segments. Tall columnar cells line the principal secretory tubules, but mucous and tuft cells form the terminal elements. In salt-stressed animals the spaces between dark and light principal secretory cells are dilated. Potassium-dependent, ouabain sensitive, adenosine triphosphatase (Ernst, '72a) was localized within the lateral plications of the principal secretory cells and in the apical microvilli of the tuft cells. These observations are consistent with current concepts of ion transport in salt-secreting epithelia, and they suggest that the tuft cells, not found in avian salt glands, play a role in the unusual physiology (Templeton, '66) of the nasal glands in this reptile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091800204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radioscapholunate ligament: A gross and histologic description (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 210 (1984), S. 393-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomic relationships of the carpal radioscapholunate ligament to its contiguous structures were analyzed by studying (1) 12 grossly dissected fresh adult wrists, and (2) multiple histologic sections from six adult wrists. Observations indicate that the radioscapholunate ligament originates from the prominence between the scaphoid and lunate articular facets on the distal articular surface of the radius, and from the palmar margin of the distal radius, deep and medial to the origin of the radiotriquetral and radiocapitate ligaments. The primary insertion of the radioscapholunate ligament is the medial margin of the proximal pole of the scaphoid. The ligament secondarily inserts into the lateral margin of the lunate and significantly contributes to the proximal portion of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. The radioscapholunate ligament is distinguished morphologically from the other palmar radiocarpal ligaments by its loosely organized collagen fibers and relatively high degree of vascularity. The radiotriquetral and radiocapitate ligaments are composed of densely fasciculated collagen fibers surrounded by perpendicularly oriented perifascicular and epiligamentous fibers. A fibrous capsular layer covers the most superficial aspect of each carpal ligament. On the deep surfaces of these ligaments, a condensation of epiligamentous fibers forms a synovial capsular layer. The palmar radiocarpal ligaments are truly intracapsular structures, as they are interposed between the fibrous and synovial capsular layers. No histologic evidence of elastin is present within the substance of these ligaments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092100215
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic and fetal hemopoiesis in the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 189 (1977), S. 499-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of the development of hemopoiesis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was conducted in order to determine the temporal sequence, the organs involved and the cytology of blood cell formation in this species. Hemopoiesis in the intrauterine life of the gerbil can be divided into four phases based on the site of blood cell formation: (1) the vitelline phase, (2) the hepatic phase, including thymic histogenesis, (3) the splenic phase and (4) the medullary phase, with the development of secondary lymphoid tissues. At the onset of each of these phases a blast-like cell was identifiable in each hemopoietic organ which, because of its morphology and its presumed multipo-tentiality was classified as a “lymphoid cell.” In the yolk sac phase (gestational day 12) two generations of erythrocytes, a primitive and a definitive, are formed. The liver is by day 15 erythropoietic and megakaryopoietic, but later, a few gran-ulocytes are also found in its extravascular compartment. The thymus is exclusively lymphopoietic from the appearance of its earliest cells on day 15. Splenic hemopoiesis is initiated with the presence of lymphoid cells (day 20) followed later by the appearance of morphologically identifiable blood cell lines. Early normoblastic and granulocytic activity begins in the marrow cavities on day 23, though the marrow is not considered to be a source of circulating blood cells during fetal life. Lymph node histogenesis occurs during the last four days of gestation, first in the cervical region and then in other parts of the body. The finding of undifferentiated lymphoid cells in all organs at the initiation of hemopoiesis and in the peripheral blood throughout gestation is discussed in light of the migratory theory of hemopoiesis.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091890309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submandibular glands in mice with muscular dystrophy: Studies with nerve growth factor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 200 (1981), S. 177-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experiments have been carried out to examine the submandibular glands in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Radioimmunoassay data confirm biological studies which show that submandibular glands in mice with muscular dystrophy contain less nerve growth factor (NGF) than glands of normal animals. Male dystrophics have half as much submandibular NGF as unafflicted mice, while females have only 10% of control levels. Gel filtration and electrophoretic studies detect no differences in the molecular properties of NGF in gland extracts from normal and dystrophic mice. Furthermore, NGF from both sources show equal activity in the sensory ganglion bioassay. Together, these results suggest that NGF deficits in submandibular glands of dystrophic mice are not due to measurement artifacts arising from alterations in the structure of the molecule.Morphological studies have uncovered a cytological basis for chemical deficits within submandibular glands of dystrophic mice. Stereological analysis of light and electron microscopic sections revealed that growth factor containing granular tubule cells (GTC) take up a smaller portion of the total gland volume, are smaller in size, and contain fewer secretory granules than comparable cells in glands from controls. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of GTC in dystrophic animals suggests that the cells are less active in producing secretory protein than GTC in glands from normal animals. These results are consistent with the idea that growth factor deficits arise from cellular abnormalities in the granular tubule segment of the gland.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092000207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation by flow sorting of cytokinetic and morphological heterogeneity in late-passage cultures of human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Considerable structural, metabolic, and proliferative heterogeneity develops in populations of cultured diploid cells which have reached advanced levels of population doubling. Isolation of noncycling cells from late-passage cultures would permit more definitive investigation of the structure and behavior of individual senescent cells. In this paper, we report the viable sorting of late-passage cultures of human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90) into two subpopulations of cells with different proliferative potentials. Sorting is based on cellular light-scattering properties and autofluorescence. Structural and behavioral features of the subpopulation exhibiting increased forward-angle light scatter are more characteristic of senescent cells than the subpopulation sorted by decreased forward-angle light scatter.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060312
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