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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of cell culture systems from penaeid shrimp and their susceptibility to white spot disease and yellow head viruses (1999)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 21 (1999), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: In vitro ; Cell culture ; Prawn tissues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Monolayer cultures were established from ovary, heart, lymphoid tissue and peripheral hemocytes of penaeid shrimps including Penaeus monodon, P. japonicus and P. penicillatus. The most favorable conditions for the culture of penaeid shrimp cells in vitro was in CMRL and L-15 tissue culture media when used within an osmolarity range of 620--760 mmol/kg. The optimal maintenance temperature was 25 °C for tissues of P. japonicus and 28 °C for tissues of P. monodon and P. penicillatus. Among the four tissues tested, lymphoid tissue, or 'Oka organ', was superior to the other tissues for the formation of confluent cell monolayers. Cell cultures from lymphoid tissue and ovary have been subcultured up to three times. When peripheral hemocytes and heart were cultured, a maximum survival of 4 days was obtained. In contrast, cell cultures derived from ovary and lymphoid tissue were maintained alive for at least 20 days in appropriate culture systems. Neither confluent cell sheet nor adherence of cells was obtained in cultivation of hepatopancreas using the present culture systems. The results obtained from the present study also revealed that ovary extract, muscle extract and lobster hemolymph enhanced the survival of the cultured cells of penaeid shrimp in vitro. When the 'Oka organ' cell monolayer was incubated with either white spot disease virus (WSDV) or yellow head virus (YHV), no cytopathic effect (CPE) was obtained. However, at 5--7 days after establishment, significant CPE (a few foci) was observed in cell monolayers derived from WSDV- and YHV-infected Oka tissue. By electron microscopy, virions of WSDV and YHV were observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cultured cells. The CPE foci developed further with increased incubation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009885929335
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of cell lines derived from oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg and hard clam, Meretrix lusoria Röding (1999)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 21 (1999), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Clam ; Mollusc ; Oyster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study attempts to establish cell culture systems for the oyster, Crassostrea gigas Röding and the hard clam, Meretrix lusoria Thunberg. Treatment with collagenase was better than trypsin at dissociating mollusc tissue fragments for in vitro culture. Heart tissue of oyster and hard clam proved to be the most promising target tissue for the establishment of cell lines in vitro. Primary cultures of clam heart were established and successfully maintained for more than 5 months. Collagenase at a concentration of 100 μg/ml may enhance the growth of oyster and hard clam heart cell cultures in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009829807954
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon dioxide inhibition of yeast growth in biomass production (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 1455-1462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown under aerobic and substrate-limiting conditions for efficient biomass production. Under these conditions, where the sugar substrate was fed incrementally, the growth pattern of the yeast cells was found to be uniform, as indicated by a constant respiratory quotient during the entire growing period. The effect of carbon dioxide was investigated by replacing portions of the nitrogen in the air stream with carbon dioxide, while maintaining the oxygen content at the normal 20% level, so that identical oxygen transfer rate and atmospheric pressure were maintained for all experiments with different partial pressures of carbon dioxide. Inhibition of yeast growth was negligible below 20% CO2 in the aeration mixture. Slight inhibition was noted at the 40% CO2 level and significant inhibition was noted above the 50% CO2, level, corresponding to 1.6 × 10-2M of dissolved CO2 in the fermentor broth. High carbon dioxide content in the gas phase also inhibited the fermentation activity of baker's yeast.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260181012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of batch alcoholic fermentation of glucose syrup substrate (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1827-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quantitative effects of substrate concentration, yeast concentration, and nutrient supplementation on ethanol content, fermentation time, and ethanol productivity were investigated in a Box-Wilson central composite design experiment, consisting of five levels of each variable, High substrate concentration, up to 30° Brix, resulted in higher ethanol content (i.e., up to 15.7% w/v or 19.6% v/v) but longer fermentation time and hence lower ethanol productivity. Increasing yeast concentration, on the other hand, resulted in shorter fermentation time and higher productivity. The highest ethanol productivity of about 21 g EiOH/L h was obtained at low substrate concentration (i.e., 12° Brix), low alcohol content (i.e., 6% by weight), high yeast concentration (i.e., 4.4%), and high supplementation of yeast extract (i.e., 2.8). Productivity of this magnitude is substantially higher that that of the traditional batch fermentation of fed-batch fermentation. It is comparable to the results of continuous fermentation but lower than those of vacuum fermentation but lower than those of vacuum fermentation. Optimal conditions for maximal ethanol productivity can be established by a multiple regression analysis technique and by plotting the contours of constant response to conform to the constraints of individual operations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230810
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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