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  • Cerebrovascular disease  (1)
  • Cyclosporine  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Schlagwort(e): Key words ecNOS ; Nitric oxide ; Cyclosporine ; Hypertension ; Superoxide anions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Hypertension is a major side effect of cyclosporin (CsA). While the mechanism(s) responsible are unclear, CsA-induced endothelial dysfunction and CsA-induced hypertension have been attributed to the CsA effect on the endothelial-derived factors controlling vasomotor tone. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is crucial in the maintenance of a state of basal vasodilation, and recent studies have suggested an NO-mediated counterregulatory mechanism protective from CsA-induced vasoconstriction. Our study evaluates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene status (PCR analysis) and plasma levels of NO metabolites (ELISA) in kidney and heart transplant patients under chronic CsA treatment with CsA-induced hypertension. Since CsA increases superoxide production, which metabolises NO, plasma hydroperoxides from cholesterol esters and from triglycerides and peroxynitrite were also evaluated (HPLC) as an index of the presence of superoxides and of “oxidative stress”. Quantification of monocyte ecNOS mRNA and NO metabolites plasma levels from patients and controls (C) demonstrated NO system upregulation in patients notwithstanding the hypertension. The mean ecNOS to β-actin ratio was 1.80 ± 0.85 in patients vs 0.40 ± 0.09 in C (P 〈 0.04). NO metabolites were 34.03 ± 14.32 μM in patients vs 11.53 ± 5.64 μM in C (P 〈 0.001). Hydroperoxides from cholesterol esters and from triglycerides were also increased in patients, 3.4 ± 1.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.6 integrated area units (i. a. u.), P 〈 0.007 and 10.6 ± 6.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.8 i. a. u., P 〈 0.008, respectively, as well as the peroxynitrite plasma level, 0.32 ± 0.11 μM/l vs undetectable in C. This study confirms a CsA-induced NO system upregulation in transplanted patients. However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2 –) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 6 (1985), S. 149-154 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebrovascular disease ; prognosis ; clinical trials ; epidemiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sommario Dopo una revisione dei fattori che condizionano la prognosi a breve termine dell'ictus cerebrale, gli autori discutono le principali implicazioni di tali fattori per la progettazione di trials clinici controllati per questa malattia. Tali fattori condizionano la scelta delle variabili di stratificazione, del tipo di pazienti, delle dimensioni del campione, della lunghezza del periodo di follow-up e dei parametri di efficacia. Le variabili da considerare nella stratificazione sono: 1) il tipo di ictus cerebrale (cioè infarto o emorragia), 2) l'età del paziente, 3) il livello di coscienza e 4) la presenza nell'anamnesi di ipertensione arteriosa o di malattie cardiache.
    Notizen: Abstract After a review of the prognostic factors affecting the short-term outcome of completed stroke, the implications for the design of stroke treatment trials are discussed. These concern stratification variables, patients selection, sample size estimation, length of follow-up, and measures of outcome. Potential variables for stratification are 1) type of stroke (i.e. infarct or hemorrhage), 2) age of the patients, 3) level of consciousness, and 4) preceding hypertension and heart disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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