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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a cascade of two continuous stirred tank polymerization reactors with a binary initiator mixture (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 333-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of two continuous stirred tank reactors in series has been investigated for free radical solution polymerization of styrene with a binary mixture of two initiators having different thermal decomposition activities. For a wide range of initiator feed composition, both reactors exhibit quite complex nonlinear steady state and transient behavior. When the reactor residence time is used as a bifurcation parameter, the second reactor can have up to five steady states. For certain range of reactor operating conditions, bifurcations to various types of periodic solutions have been observed, such as Hopf bifurcation, isolas, period doubling, period-doubling cascade, and homoclinics. The effects of other reactor variables, such as total initiator concentration, coolant temperature, and reactor volume ratio on the reactor dynamics, are illustrated to show the complex dynamic behavior of the two-reactor system catalyzed by a mixture of t-butyl perbenzoate and benzoyl peroxide.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310506
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a continuous stirred tank reactor for styrene polymerization initiated by a binary initiator mixture. II: Effect of viscosity dependent heat transfer coefficient (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 494-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of the solution polymerization of styrene in a continuous stirred tank reactor is analyzed with a mixture of tert-butyl perbenzoate and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator system. In the modeling of the reactor, a viscosity dependent reactor wall heat transfer coefficient is used to account for the changing heat transfer efficiency as monomer conversion and polymer molecular weight increase. The steady state and bifurcation behaviors have been investigated with the reactor residence time, initiator feed composition, initiator concentration, feed solvent volume fraction, and coolant temperature as bifurcation parameters. Unlike the reactors with constant heat transfer coefficient, the present system exhibits relatively simple steady state and dynamic bifurcation behaviors. Oscillatory behavior is observed only when the solvent volume fraction in the feed exceeds 0.2. The dynamic simulation of the reactor also indicates that a feedback temperature controller may fail to maintain the reactor temperature when the heat transfer coefficient changes as a result of process disturbances.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320707
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a CSTR for styrene polymerization initiated by a binary initiator system (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The steady state and dynamic behavior of a continuous stirred tank reactor has been analyzed for free radical solution polymerization of styrene initiated by a mixture of two initiators having different thermal stabilities. From the steady state analysis of the reactor model with a mean residence time as a bifurcation parameter, four unique regions of steady state solutions are identified in an operating parameter space for a given initiator feed composition. A variety of complex bifurcation behavior such as multiple steady states, Hopf bifurcation and limit cycles have been observed and their stability characteristics have been analyzed. The effects of feed initiator composition and the concentration of the initiator in the feed stream on the reactor dynamics are also presented.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of emulsion size distribution by NMR restricted diffusion measurement (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1671-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381019
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slotted orifice flowmeter (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1757-1760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prepreg processing science and engineering (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1177-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resin flow and fiber spreading during the prepregging process were investigated experimentally using a scale-down version of a commercial hot-melt prepregger with bismaleimides and carbon fibers as model systems. Specifically, several dimensionless parameters such as the Prepreg Flow Number, fractional resin uptake, resin distribution function, fractional width change, and prepregging efficiency were defined to characterize the prepregging process as well as the quality of the prepreg. Fiber spreading during the prepregging process was observed to be a viscoelastic phenomenon depending on the impregnation temperature. For resin impregnation into collimated fiber tows, all the experimental data points obtained at different operating conditions were superimposed onto a single line showing a temperature-pressure-velocity superposition for the prepregging process as predicted by the definition of the Prepreg Flow Number (PFN). Finally, three fundamental steps of the prepregging process were identified and confirmed with cross-sectional micrographs of unaged prepregs produced at different temperatures.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331805
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrices in a flat braid process (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 38-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of blending thermoplastic filament fibers with carbon filament fibers in varying yarn forms to study the efficiency of matrix wetting and infiltration into a laminate. Poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) and poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) were studied in commingled, DREF, and powder form, as a flat triaxial braid. The as-braided and laminated specimens were both subjected to tensile testing and optical microscopy to establish the efficiency of the impregnation process. It was observed that both thermoplastic matrices commingled with carbon yarn maximized the tensile properties and produced the best quality laminate. To impart the best translational properties of the thermoplastic matrix to the carbon/thermoplastic composite, improvements are necessary in the commingling and powder infiltration processes.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material response of a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer and composite in relation to process cooling history (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 86-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A model capable of predicting the process-induced macroscopic in-plane material response of semicrystalline thermoplastic matrices and their composites was developed. Thi sinvestigation focused on the material response of a single layer or ply of neat PEEK matrix and its carbon fiber composite (APC-2) when subjected to various processing histories. Specifically, the response of the material moduli and processing strains as a function of temperature and the degree of crystallinity were studied. The kinetic-viscoelastic response of the matrix was determined from a modified form of the Standard Linear Solid model. A constitutive relation was proposed to quantify resign shrinkage as a function of thermal history, which incorporated crystallization. For a specific process history, the effective composite mechanical properties were determined from micromechanics models. Both neat and composite processing strains were evaluated to show the effect of fibers on the matrix dominated response (90° direction). In addition, comparisons of model moduli predictions with experimental measurements were performed. This study demonstrated that an increase in the degree of crystallinity results in an asymmetric shift of the modulus in the glass transition region to higher temperatures. Also, strains due to crystallization were predicted to be much smaller in comparison to the strains resulting from thermal contraction of the PEEK matrix.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure kinetics of dicyanate matrix polymers (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The cure kinetics of two dicyanate resins were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. An autocatalytic kinetic model was proposed and a set of general kinetic parameters was calculated from the isothermal experiments. Good agreement between experimental data and the kinetic model has been obtained under different processing conditions, which demonstrated the validity and the usefulness of the analytical procedure and of the kinetic expression employed. Consequently, in its current form, the modeling methodology is capable of describing the degree of cure during a typical processing cycle and has the potential for comparing different resin formulations as well as the manifestations of cure in property development. Specifically, in this work the modeling methodology was tested using two distinct dicyanate resin systems while the development of the cure was also observed through dielectric analysis (DEA).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Press-forming of continuous-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (1990)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 11 (1990), S. 114-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Process-induced effects on thermoplastic-based composites were investigated for laminates processed under high production rate conditions. Press-formed carbon-fiber-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) was used as a model system. The morphology and laminate quality were investigated on unidirectional laminates processed at cooling rates from 0.3 to 120°C/s and annealing of 177°C and 300°C. The laminate quality was examined for degree of consolidation, compaction, and fiber-matrix uniformity. Combined calorimetric and density measurements, as well as micrographic techniques, were used for examination of the laminates. The fracture toughness for the laminate was measured as a function of the position over the thickness of a 40-ply thick unidirectional laminate. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of uniform pressure distribution over the laminate to achieve a void free and homogeneous laminate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110207
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