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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation of miscible and immiscible polymer blends (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1857-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinylmethylether) (PVME) were used to study the orientation of miscible and immiscible polymer blends. A miscible blend containing 60 wt% PS was prepared by casting the sample from a benzene solution. The immiscible blend was made by annealing the initially miscible mixture above its lower critical solution temperature for different times and temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and birefringence were used to measure the orientation of PS and PVME, before and after phase separation. Stress-strain curves were also measured for the two types of systems. It was found that the two polymers orient differently and that phase separation induces an increase in the overall orientation of the mixture, in the modulus and in PS orientation. The differences observed between pure PS and PS in the blend were attributed to changes in specific interactions and density of entanglements. The variations with phase separation were attributed to a change in the morphology of the system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322408
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The volume fraction and temperature dependence of the resistivity in carbon black and graphite polymer composites: An effective media - percolation approach (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A quantitative general effective media (GEM) equation is used to describe a broad range of experimental resistivity-volume fraction results for graphite-polymer and carbon black-polymer composites. The parameters used are the resistivities of each component and the two percolation morphology parameters, a critical volume fraction, φc, and an exponent, t. A preliminary model, also based on the GEM equation, is used to describe the temperature variation of the resistivity of the diphasic material near the critical volume fraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean velocity and turbulence fields inside a β=0.50 orifice flowmeter (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 745-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow field inside an orifice flowmeter with a beta ratio of 0.50 operating at a Reynolds number of 91,100 has been studied using a three-color, 3-D laser Doppler anemometer system. Mean velocity measurements show large radial velocities leading into the orifice, the fluid separating from the orifice plate at the throat, the presence of a vena contracta farther downstream, flow reattachment to the pipe wall 5.3 pipe radii (R) downstream, the presence of a small upstream recirculation zone, and both a primary and secondary recirculation zone downstream of the orifice plate. The static wall pressure distribution attains a minimum pressure at 1.5 R, which does not coincide with the location of the vena contracta (0.75 R). Distributions of the entire Reynolds stress tensor are presented along with calculated values of turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence kinetic energy production, vorticity, and turbulence induced accelerations. These data are analyzed to interpret the complex turbulent flow field.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity-Driven reactive coating flow down an inclined plane (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 2-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The coating flow of a reactive fluid on an inclined plane is studied. The fluid viscosity steadily increases due to a sustained cross-linking reaction. Using well-known long wave approximations and a simple kinetic relation, we find that the linear stability of a uniform coating is affected not only by the inclination angle but also by the reaction order. In the weakly nonlinear limit, a generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (K-S) equation is derived. Two interesting cases are identified in the limit of creeping flow. One is when surface tension is moderate and a generalized Burger's equation results, and the other is when the surface tension is large and the traditional K-S equation is recovered when the inclination angle is greater than 90°. The solution in this case represents a shock-like traveling wave down the incline and it appears to be unique for reacting coating flows.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slotted orifice flowmeter (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1757-1760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of instantaneous jets (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 13 (1994), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a gas under pressure is released, the momentum imparted to it causes the gas to mix with the surrounding air. A series of tests was carried out, and a model was used to determine the dynamics of the gas and air mixing for releases of a very short time duration. The amount of mixing that occurs when a pressurized fluid is released was determined by filling a container with varying mixtures of fumed silica and nitrogen, by bursting the container's rupture disks at fixed pressures, and by measuring the cloud velocity, location, and size at successive time intervals. A two-stage model was developed to predict the location, size, and fluid concentration (i.e., degree of dilution) of the cloud resulting from the release of a two-phase fluid composed of a non-flashing or non-evaporating dense phase. The dimensionless form of the model (ρ0u0t/ρ0r0) was found to correlate the cloud properties over initial pressures ranging from 3.1 to 70.7 barg (46 to 1025 psig), and gas quality ranging from 0.2 to 0.7 (gas mass fraction). Both the model and the data showed that the initial fluid concentration was reduced by factor of 300 to 1000 as a result of the momentum imparted mixing. This dilution is in addition to that resulting from atmospheric dispersion. Combining the predicted dilution effect from the instantaneous release with atmospheric dispersion to predict both near field and far-field concentration is an important application of this two stage model.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680130117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel chemically amplified positive deep UV photoresist with significantly reduced sensitivity to environmental contamination (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1571-1577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: t-Boc protected Deep-UV transparent polymers with photoacid generators have been widely investigated as potential positive deep-UV resist systems. However, utility of these systems is seriously handicapped by environmental contaminants leading to an insoluble “surface skin” formation. Only with a specially controlled environment or by use of an “overcoat” material is the performance of these systems acceptable. We have investigated a series of t-Boc protected poly(styrene-maleimide) copolymers and poly(hydroxy styrene) polymers with onium-salts. Upon incorporation of a special class of organic additive, the surface effects inherent to these positive deep-UV systems are significantly reduced thereby avoiding any extraneous precaution of protecting the resist surface from a typical manufacturing environment. We evaluated these t-Boc polymer/onium-salt systems with different additives under a varied set of processing conditions. In addition, plausible structure-activity relationship of these additives in controlling the surface effects is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward a high-impact isotactic polystyrene (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1005-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Brittle isotactic polystyrene has been toughened by the presence of emulsified rubber particles. Semicrystalline diblock copolymers of isotactic polystyrene and polybutadiene functioned successfully as emulsifying agents, as revealed by the results of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Semiquantitative measures of the toughness of the various materials were obtained via a home-built micromechanical testing device. The minimum amount of copolymer required to achieve emulsified morphologies and significant toughness depended on the thermal history of the material being tested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760341209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toronado risk analysis (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 11 (1992), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The object of this analysis was to estimate the frequency of tornadoes with certain wind speeds hitting areas of concern, and to display this information easily and understandably. The results serve as a tool for risk analysis and loss prevention for industrial complexes, which can have large structures that are vulnerable to tornado destruction. A database containing detailed information about 31,000 tornadoes occurring across the U.S.A., was obtained. The frequency, total damaged area, and wind speed of tornadoes occurring across the country were calculated from the historical data. This information was used to quantify the risk of tornado occurrence. The results were reported on a color-coded map detailing the probabilities in 1° × 1° areas, where they can be easily understood and distributed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720110307
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