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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer with liquid lithium in circular conduits (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Forced convection mass transfer between circular tubes and liquid lithium was experimentally investigated over a range of Schmidt numbers from 40 to 57 and Reynolds numbers from 5,550 to 22,500. Information concerning the mechanism for mass transfer was obtained by measuring local solution and deposition rates as a function of distance along the tubes. Observed entrance effects for the solution process suggest that it involves the parallel mechanisms of diffusion through a solid film and through occluded liquid in grain boundaries. It is indicated that the relative contributions of these processes changes with increasing temperature.A j-factor correlation of existing liquid metal mass transfer data for fully developed conditions in circular conduits is presented and indicates that an exponent of 0.112 for NRe best represents the data. This result agrees well with other studies (9).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in liquid-lithium systems (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavior of type-304 stainless steel in a forced-convection closed-loop lithium system was investigated over a wide range of temperatures and velocities. Fundamental information concerning the mechanism for mass transport has been obtained by examining solution and deposition effects along flat plates. The rate-determining process for solution is transport from the solid to the interface, whereas deposition rates are liquid-phase controlled.Liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients were correlated with a maximum deviation of approximately 15% by the use of von Kàrmàn's analysis of the turbulent boundary layer along a flat plate, combined with the Chilton-Colburn empirical modification of the Schmidt group. In contrast no adequate model is available for the prediction of solution rate constants which must be determined experimentally. Mean values of the solution rate constants ranged from 0.154 to 0.750 × 10-5 cm./sec. at temperatures from 510° to 612°C. These values are on the order of 103 smaller than corresponding liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics of polymer surfaces and interfaces. Edited by Isaac C. Sanchez, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992, 336 pp. (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1088-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400623
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rate of glycerol absorption by ion exchange resins (1963)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690090229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of copper-based electrodes for the analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics by CE-EC (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 1145-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Copper electrode ; Antibiotics ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Aminoglycosides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin, bekanamycin, tobramycin, lincomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and ribostamycin have been determined by CE-EC with copper clectrodes. Both copper wall-jet electrodes (WJEs) and copper on-capillary electrodes (OCEs) were evaluated. The OCEs provided μM detection limits, superior stability and reproducibility (2-3% relative standard deviation in oxidation current), and a simple instrumental set-up without the need for capillary/electrode alignment. The analytical capabilities of the Cu-OCE were examined, following the optimization of CE conditions, for the seven aminoglycosides above; and the practical utility of this approach was demonstrated through the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in three pharmaceutical preparations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical detection of underivatized oligo- and polysaccharides with surfactant-controlled electroosmotic flow (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Polysaccharides ; Electrochemical detection ; Cu electrode ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complex polysaccharide mixtures were analyzed directly without derivatization by capillary zone electrophoresis in strongly alkaline solutions and electrochemical detection at a Cu electrode. The positively charged surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was included in the electrophoresis medium in order to reverse the electroosmotic flow and permit elution to be in order of increasing polysaccharide size. Carbohydrate samples analyzed by this approach included linear maltoses, enzymatically hydrolyzed starch, and commercially available dextrans of up to an average molecular weight of 18 300. Detection by constant-potential oxidation at a Cu electrode was very sensitive, with detection limits for individual carbohydrates generally below the femtomole level.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150170206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis with dual-parallel on-capillary electrodes (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2226-2232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Electrochemical detection ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Dual-parallel electrodes ; On-capillary electrodes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach for dual electrode electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis (CEEC) is described. In this approach, two identical capillaries, each containing an on-capillary electrode incorporated permanently onto its tip, were paired together for simultaneous sample injection and detection. This procedure permitted dual-parallel detection to be performed without the need for painstaking alignment of the electrodes with respect to one another and to the capillary outlet as is required for the off-capillary microelectrode systems usually employed in CEEC. As a result, independent detection at two electrodes held at different potentials or at two electrodes of different composition or structure could be performed simply and with wide flexibility. Fabrication of on-capillary electrodes was carried out by sputter-coating the exit end of the capillaries with a thin layer of Au or Pt. Dual electrode system performance was demonstrated by separation and analysis of phenol and catechol samples. In addition, the detection system was coupled with glucose oxidase for the selective detection of glucose.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of crosslinking in polyimides by viscoelastic and diffusion techniques (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 244-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with detecting crosslinking and changes in crosslink densities in cured polyimides. The methods used include diffusional weight gain and dynamic mechanical measurements on thin films of the cured polymers. In this study changes in diffusivities (D) for dimethylformamide (DMF) sorption into polyimide films as well as dynamic mechanical moduli and loss tangents are shown to be related to differences in polyimide cure schedule and composition. In all cases studied there is a β loss dispersion in the range 120 to 150°C and a γ loss dispersion in the range -50 to -80°C. The position and intensity of the β and γ relaxation processes vary primarily with cure cycle. There is a significant correlation between the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient and β and γ transition temperatures (Tβ and Tγ). Tβ increases and Tγ decreases with higher values of D so that T*, the difference Tβ - Tγ, is directly proportional to the diffusivity. By relating these results to data in the literature and the known curing behavior of polyimides, this trend is shown to be consistent with the presence of crosslinking and to be related to the crosslink density of the polymers. The data of this study indicate that measurements of diffusion coefficients for solvent sorption can be used to study changes in crosslink densities in glassy thermosetting polymers. Since the method is best suited for studying one dimensional diffusion, it also is suggested as a possibility for determining relative crosslink densities in adhesives bonded between substrates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760200404
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strength development at incompatible semicrystalline polymer interfaces (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1454-1464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structure of an interface that develops from laminating polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) by hot compression-molding was analyzed by optical and electron microscopy. The interface strength was measured by means of a butt-joint specimen. For the laminate formed by isothermal crystallization above the PE melting temperature, it was found that the interface strength increased with time due to the formation of PE influxes between the PP spherulites. The inter-spherulitic influxes broke up the sharp PP/PE interface plane and provided considerable strength by mechanical interlocking. Intra-spherulitic entanglements were also noted for PP spherulites nucleated near the interface. Fast crystallization prevents the formal/on of influxes and results in a weak interface. For the hon-iscthennal crystallization case during cooling at 10°C/min, the interface morphology of PP/HDPE was found to be different from that of PP/LLDPE. The difference in crystallization temperatures and growth rates between PP and HDPE during rapid cooling permitted the HDPE to crystallize first which prevented the formation of influxes. With PP/LLDPE, the PP crystallized first allowing some influxes to develop. Normally the interface between PE and PP is very weak. However, to obtain good mechanical properties for a given PP/PE couple, one can control the processing thermal history to optimize the development of influxes and mechanical strength at the interface.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughening of unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins with liquid rubbers (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1086-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive study of toughening unsaturated polyster and vinyl ester resins by addition of liquid rubbers was carried out by considering the effects of cure temperature and gel time on final resin/rubber morphology. The objective was to produce a dispersed rubber phase consisting of particles less than 15 μm in diameter with the addition of limited amounts of rubber, so as not to seriously reduce the modulus and strength of the base resin. A variety of liquid rubbers was used including those based on poly(butadiene acrylonitrile), poly(epichlorohydrin), and two poly(acrylates). Fracture toughness of unmodified and rubber modified materials was measured using the compact tension (CT) test geometry. Significant improvements in fracture toughness were achieved with little to no change in Young's modulus or glass transition temperature. With modest rubber additions, the fracture toughness increased up to 62% for the polyester resin and up to 116% for the vinyl ester resin. In general, fracture toughness increases with increases in volume fraction of rubbery second-phase particles. However, results suggest that two-phase particles may be more effective tougheners than single-phase particles. The toughening mechanism appears to depend on the type of rubbery particle morphology present.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351304
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