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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Chemical Engineering  (4)
  • Genetics  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 503-505 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three physiologically important disaturated lecithins have been analyzed quantitatively as the acetate derivatives using a solids inlet probe and ammonia chemical ionization. Concentration independent response factors have been determined over a tenfold range that brackets human plasma levels. The results obtained serve as an independent corroboration of gas chromatographic analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 211-213 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of octafluorotoluene (OFT) as a versatile gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric derivatizing agent for steroids containing alcoholic, phenolic or α,β-unsaturated keto functions, is described. Two distinct derivatizing schemes can be utilized, involving (method 1) a phase-transfer reaction, employing a two-phase system of CH2Cl2 and N NaOH with n-Bu4NHSO4 as catalyst (suitable for alcoholic and phenolic steroids) and (method 2) a reaction conducted in anhydrous dimethylformamide at 155°C with CsF as base (appropriate for α,β-unsaturated keto steroids). Perfluorotolyl (PFT) ethers and/or enol ethers have thus been generated. The electron impact spectra display abundant high-mass molecular ions where derivatization has occurred at a phenolic or enolic function. An extraction, derivatization and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric scheme has been devised involving method 2 for the analysis of steroids in human plasma. A preliminary quantitative investigation of the levels of testosterone in plasma has been carried out employing these methods. The anomalously high level found is explained in terms of the presence in plasma of lipid-soluble derivatives of testosterone (probably fatty acid esters) which generate the testosterone bis-OFT derivative under the reaction conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of mercapturic acid conjugates of two xenobiotic products of lipid peroxidation (trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) as well as conjugates of 1,3-dichloropropene, styrene oxide, 1,2-naphthalene oxide and α-chlorotoluene were obtained using fast atom bombardment or negative chemical ionization. Fragmentation pathways were investigated using linked scan and mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometric techniques. Characteristics of the spectra obtained using different ionization and sample introduction techniques are compared. Deprotonated molecular ions of mercapturic acids gave simple daughter ion spectra, with the dominant mode of decomposition involving cleavage of C—S bonds giving a characteristic neutral loss of 129 Da Screening for mercapturates in urine samples was performed using neutral loss scanning and yielded limits of detection in the low nanogram per milliliter range. Quantitative analysis of the S-benzyl mercapturic acid at 1 p.p.b. in urine has been demonstrated using combined gas chromatography/electron capture mass spectrometry with d3-S-benzyl mercapturic acid as internal standard.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method using particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed for the confirmation of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in bovine milk. This method is one of the first to apply particle beam technology to the confirmation of animal drug residues in food products for regulatory purposes. The milk is centrifuged, using molecular weight cut-off filters to remove components of 25 000 daltons and above from the milk. The filtrate is passed through a C-18 sample preparation cartridge which retains the tetracyclines. After the columns are washed with water, the tetracyclines are eluted with 0.1 M oxalic acid in methanol and concentrated. The compounds are separated on a Novapak C-18 column with a methanol-oxalic acid-acetonitrile mobile phase. Negative chemical ionization with selective ion monitoring is used to identify the tetracyclines. The procedure was used to confirm the presence of each tetracycline at 100 ng ml-1 in fortified and incurred milk samples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of reductive coulometric electrochemical detection for analysis of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their common metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid following separation by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography is described. The high sensitivity and screening capabilities of coulometric electrodes permits the accurate quantitation of as little as 3-5 pg of these compounds in tissue following a simple single step purification procedure. Moreover, comparison of peak height ratios obtained from analysis of authentic reference standards and tissue samples at selected multiple electrode potentials provides a straightforward means for qualitative evaluation of peak identification and purity during analysis of biological samples. The method is comparatively inexpensive and precise within and between day coefficients of variation for most compounds range from 2-5%. Thirty samples can be run in duplicate in a 24 h period.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1593-1608 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A huge amount of data is collected by computer monitoring systems in the chemical process industry. Such tools as principal component analysis and partial least squares have been shown to be very effective in compressing this large volume of noisy correlated data into a subspace of much lower dimension than the original data set. Because most of what is eliminated is the collinearity of the original variables and the noise, the bulk of the information contained in the original data set is retained. The resulting low dimensional representation of the data set has been shown to be of great utility for process analysis and monitoring, as well as in selecting variables for control. These types of models can also be used directly in control system design. One way of approaching this is to use the loading matrices as compensators on the plant. Some advantages of using this approach as part of the overall control system design include automatic decoupling and efficient loop pairing, as well as natural handling of nonsquare systems and poorly conditioned systems.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolism of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorohexane with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats gave only one metabolite, namely, the 5-hydroxy derivative. Under similar conditions 1,1-difluorocyclohexane was metabolized to give mainly the 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives in the ratio 1:∼5.5 The structures of these metabolites were established by chemical ionization (CI) and/or electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry and confirmed by synthesis in the case of 1,1-difluorocyclohexan-4-ol. Oxidation of 1,1-difluorocyclohexane with lead tetrakis(trifluoroacetate) also gave, inter alia, the 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives. In saturated hydrocarbons complete replacement of hydrogen by fluorine at one particular carbon will not only block microsomal hydroxylation thereat but will also inhibit hydroxylation at neighbouring hydrogen-bearing carbons, (α almost completely, β markedly, γ slightly).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 199-208 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; yeast ; agitation ; equilibrium ; mannose ; pH value ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The steady state in yeast flocculation is a dynamic equilibrium between flocculated and dispersed yeast cells. The free cell concentraiton is directly proportional to the total cell concentration and may be expressed as an equilibrium constant. Increased agitation decreases floc size and equlibrium constant whilst increasing floc-surface area and free cell concentration. Values of equilibrium constant are influenced by agitation in a complex relationship probably involving the floc-surface area and floc momentum.Inhibition of flocculation by mannose and low pH is reversible and becomes greater with increased agitation. Both these inhibitions appear consistent with a weakening of flocculent bond strength by these inhibitors.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Zygosaccharomyces ; weak-acid resistance ; intracellular pH ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weak acids and hydrogen ions in different concentration combinations affect the intracellular pH value (pHi) of Zygosaccharomyces bailii. The lowest pHi value measured was not at the most extreme, but at intermediate conditions of inhibition. Proton and organic-acid ejection, on a cell volume basis, is greater in cells grown under inhibitory conditions and is stimulated by weak acids, whilst in cells not grown under inhibitory conditions acid efflux is lower and is depressed by weak acids; this may be important in the maintenance of tolerable pHi values in the presence of weak acids. The concentration of benzoic acid measured internally is identical to the value expected from its pK, external pH and pHi. Addition of fructose to starved cells causes both a decreased pHi and a concomitant efflux of previously loaded benzoic acid, quantitatively in accord with the shift in equilibrium of the freely permeable undissociated acid. There is no evidence that weak acids are actively extruded. Protoplast volume also varies with hydrogen-ion and weak-acid concentration and this too may play a role in intracellular pH maintenace.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 12 (1990), S. 136-141 
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the past decade, advances in both hardware and software have made NMR spectroscopy an enormously powerful analytical technique. In this paper, the author presents examples of the use of NMR in support of vinyl stabilizer research; he also covers representative practical applications of proton, carbon, phosphorus, and tin NMR.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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