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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; fetal growth ; ponderal index at birth ; placental weight to birthweight ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance in men and women aged 50 years. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on 140 men and 126 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail. Those subjects found to have impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had lower birthweight, a smaller head circumference and were thinner at birth. They also had a higher ratio of placental weight to birthweight. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes fell from 27% in subjects who weighed 2.50 kg (5.5 pounds) or less at birth to 6% in those who weighed more than 3.41 kg (7.5 pounds) (p 〈 0.002 after adjusting for body mass index). Plasma glucose concentrations taken at 2-h in the glucose tolerance test fell progressively as birthweight increased (p 〈 0.004), as did 2-h plasma insulin concentrations (p 〈 0.001). The trends with birthweight were independent of duration of gestation and must therefore be related to reduced rates of fetal growth. These findings confirm the association between impaired glucose tolerance in adult life and low birthweight previously reported in Hertfordshire (UK), and demonstrate it in women as well as men. It is suggested that the association reflects the long-term effects of reduced growth of the endocrine pancreas and other tissues in utero. This may be a consequence of maternal undernutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 817 (1985), S. 123-133 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Rabbit muscle) ; Ca^2^+-ATPase ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescein isothiocyanate ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Vanadate binding
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 11 (1992), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There has been a great deal of investment in development of design criteria and design and construction of heavily reinforced, blast-resistant control rooms. This remains the best option for protective construction against severe blast loading experienced close in to a vapor cloud or other explosion hazard. However, most structures encountered at chemical plants and contemplated for future construction are conventional steel frame, metal clad buildings. In this paper we look closely at the response of such buildings to explosion loads and their ability to undergo large deformations without structural failure. The types of structural elements evaluated include metal decking of various gauge and shape along with a variety of girt and purlin sections. Building frames or bents are also evaluated, although the date base for these is much more limited. The work is based on observations made during investigations of large explosion accidents along with analytical predictions and test measurements. To conclude, we offer specific design criteria and connection recommendations for enhancing the overall strength of a building through the use of conventional components in unconventional construction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 12 (1993), S. 216-221 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The majority of buildings located at petrochemical plants, exclusive of control rooms, are of conventional construction and do not explicitly provide for resistance to blast loads. Typical construction types include steel frame with metal cladding, concrete masonry unit, and brick clad with concrete or steel frame. These buildings are designed for conventional loads without regard for high overpressures and fragments resulting from an accidental explosion. Current regulatory trends are causing many companies to evaluate design standards for new and existing support structures especially in the wake of recent accidental explosions. Response criteria is an important part of these design standards especially when they are used to analyze existing structures for blast protection. Structural evaluations at several sites have revealed that few existing structures meet current design criteria primarily due to weak member connections. Previous work has shown that many conventional structures can develop a surprising degree of resistance to blast loading if proper detailing is used in design, thus allowing members to develop their full capacity. This paper discusses response criteria currently used for new structures and examines the problem of determining acceptance criteria for existing structures. Data from explosion accidents and test programs is reviewed to determine the degree of conservatism in current criteria. Finally, alternatives for establishing blast capacity of existing structures are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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