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The toxicological properties of impurities in malathion (1978)

Aldridge, W. N. ; Miles, J. W. ; Mount, D. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of toxicology 42 (1978), S. 95-106

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ISSN: 1432-0738

Keywords: Malathion ; Isomalathion ; Trimethyl phosphorothioates ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Carboxylesterase ; Potentiation of toxicity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract During a malaria eradication programme in Pakistan in 1976, out of 7,500 spraymen, 2,800 became poisoned and 5 died. The major determinant of this poisoning has been identified as isomalathion present as an impurity in the malathion. It seems almost certain that the isomalathion was produced during storage of the formulated malathion. The quantitative correlation found between isomalathion content and toxicity of many field samples of malathion has been confirmed by an examination of mixtures of pure compounds. Addition of known amounts of isomalathion to technical malathion indicates that other active substances are present. These impurities have been identified (trimethyl phosphorothioates) and have been shown to behave like isomalathion in potentiating the toxicity of malathion. Some preliminary work on their toxicological properties is reported. The mechanisms involved in the potentiation of the toxicity of malathion are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316489

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The viscosity of fiber suspensions at low fiber volume fractions (1981)

Miles, J. N. ; Murty, N. K. ; Modlen, G. F.

Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1171-1172

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ISSN: 0032-3888

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: The viscosities of suspensions of glass fibers in an aqueous solution of sucrose have been studied by use of a capillary viscometer. In the aligned condition in the capillary, the viscosity depends little on shear rate within the range studied or on fiber length, but increases with increasing volume fraction of the fibers. The entrance effect was found to depend strongly on fiber volume fraction and fiber length: this indicates that the suspensions are relatively resistant to flow during the initial stages while alignment takes place.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.