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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unilateral pudendal neuropathy (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Pudendal neuropathy ; Pelvic floor ; Fecal incontinence ; Computerized anal manometry ; Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: Obstetric trauma and excessive defecatory straining with perineal descent may lead to pudendal neuropathy with bilateral increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies (PNTML). We have frequently observed unilateral prolongation of PNTML. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of unilateral pudendal neuropathy are discussed. METHODS: Records of 174 patients referred to pelvic floor laboratory for anorectal manometry and PNTML testing were reviewed. Computerized anal manometry was performed using dynamic pressure analysis, and PNTML was determined using a pudendal (St. Mark's) electrode. RESULTS: No response was elicited from pudendal nerves to electric stimulation from both sides in 14 patients (8 percent) and from one side in 24 patients (13.8 percent). Bilateral PNTML determination was possible in only 136 patients (78 percent), of whom 83 patients (61 percent) had no evidence of neuropathy, revealing normal PNTML on both sides. Of 53 patients (39 percent) with delayed conduction in pudendal nerves, in 15 patients (28 percent), PNTML was abnormally prolonged on both sides, with an abnormal mean value for PNTML. In the remaining 38 patients (72 percent), PNTML was abnormal on one side: in 27 patients with an abnormal mean PNTML and in 11 patients with a normal mean PNTML. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of patients with pelvic floor disorders have only unilateral pudendal neuropathy. Patients with unilaterally prolonged PNTML should be considered to have pudendal neuropathy, despite normal value for mean PNTML. This fact may be relevant in planning surgical treatment and in predicting prognosis of patients with sphincter injuries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049459
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distal rectoanal excitatory reflex: A reliable index of pudendal neuropathy? (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 916-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Pudendal neuropathy ; Fecal incontinence ; Manometry ; Rectoanal excitatory reflex ; Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency ; Electromyography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: Denervation of the extrinsic anal sphincter and pudendal neuropathy are confirmed by electrophysiologic or electromyographic testing, techniques that may not be available universally and require special equipment and training. A simple manometric test that is easy to perform and complements existing studies was performed to confirm pudendal neuropathy. METHODS: Fourteen patients with excessive defecatory straining and 30 patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence were studied by electrophysiology and balloon reflex manometry. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and rectoanal excitatory reflex were evaluated for abnormalities. Results were compared with 20 controls who had no anorectal complaints and who had similar testing performed. RESULTS: In controls, PNTML was normal in all but one person. Rectoanal excitatory reflex could be elicited in all controls with either 20 or 40 ml of air. Four different types of balloon reflex responses were observed in patient groups: diminutive excitation, delayed excitation, excitation at high volume of distention only, and absent excitation. Ten patients with fecal incontinence had normal PNTML but abnormal distal excitatory reflex, 5 patients had abnormal PNTML but normal distal excitatory reflex, and 15 patients had both PNTML and excitatory reflex that were abnormal. In patients with excessive defecatory straining, results of both tests were abnormal in six patients, and eight patients had abnormal excitatory reflex but normal PNTML. CONCLUSION: Pudendal neuropathy may result in abnormalities of excitatory reflex morphology or other characteristics. Abnormal distal excitatory reflex may complement electrophysiologic findings or may serve as a suitable alternative to confirm pudendal neuropathy in centers where facilities for formal testing are not available.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049725
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pudendal neuropathy is the only parameter differentiating leakage from solid stool incontinence (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1220-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency ; Incontinence ; Rectoanal excitatory reflex ; Manometry ; Pudendal neuropathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: Fecal incontinence may occur in several forms. Although some patients are grossly incontinent, other patients experience only leakage. In patients with gross incontinence, severity can range from the mildest forms (limited to loss of control of flatus) to the most severe forms (involving loss of solid stool). This study was undertaken to determine which physiologic parameters differentiate female patients with incontinence of solid stool from patients with control of formed stool and incontinence limited to seepage. METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive female patients with a primary complaint of seepage or solid stool incontinence were evaluated using water perfusion manometry, balloon inflation assessment of rectal sensitivity, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency. A prospectively maintained database was used for collection of data. The findings in the two patient groups were compared with patients in a group of normal control individuals. Ages of the women in the three groups were similar. RESULTS: Both groups of patients demonstrated statistically significant ( P 〈 0.05) decreases in rest and squeeze sphincter lengths, pressures, and pressure volumes compared with normal volunteers. The patients also had significantly more asymmetric high-pressure zones and hypersensitive rectums. No significant difference between the two groups of incontinent patients could be identified using any of these parameters. Significant differences between the groups were found in pudendal nerve function. The distal rectoanal excitatory reflex was abnormal in 58.1 percent of grossly incontinent women compared with 28.6 percent of patients with leakage ( P 〈 0.05). The majority of patients with leakage alone (65 percent) had normal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, whereas only 22.6 percent of women with gross fecal incontinence had normal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency bilaterally ( P =0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Normal bilateral pudendal nerve function can partially compensate for abnormal sphincter symmetry and function, permitting women with grossly abnormal parameters to maintain control of bowel movements. It remains to be seen whether, with advancing age, patients with leakage will have development of slowed pudendal nerve conduction and, if so, whether their condition will progress to gross incontinence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055168
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prospective comparative study of abnormal distal rectoanal excitatory reflex, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, and single fiber density as markers of pudendal neuropathy (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 794-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Pudendal neuropathy ; Single fiber density ; Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency ; Balloon reflex manometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the role of abnormal distal rectoanal excitatory reflex (RAER) as a marker of pudendal neuropathy and to compare results with pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and single fiber density (SFD) estimation. METHODS: Fifteen female patients (mean age, 47.1 (range, 20–70) years) referred to the pelvic floor laboratory with pelvic floor disorders (fecal incontinence, 13 patients; constipation, 2 patients) were evaluated prospectively with neurophysiologic tests and balloon reflex manometry for evidence of pudendal neuropathy. RESULTS: Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency provided evidence of pudendal neuropathy in ten patients (67 percent) and was normal in five patients (33 percent). Increased SFD confirmed denervation of the external anal sphincter in 12 patients (80 percent), being normal in 3 patients (20 percent). Distal RAER was abnormal in 13 patients (87 percent) and was normal in 2 patients (13 percent). In ten patients (67 percent), the three diagnostic modalities were in complete agreement, correctly identifying neuropathy in nine patients (60 percent) and excluding nerve damage in one patient (7 percent). Distal RAER was normal despite prolonged PNTML and increased SFD in one patient (7 percent). In two patients (13 percent), distal RAER was abnormal or absent despite normal PNTML and SFD. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency was normal in the presence of abnormal distal RAER and increased SFD on electromyography in two patients (13 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal distal RAER compares favorably with current neurophysiologic tests used to diagnose pudendal neuropathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054446
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Advances in heat transfer: Bioengineering heat transfer. Edited By Y. I. Chao, J. P. Hartnett, and T. F. Irvine, Jr., Academic Press, 443 pp., 1992 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 2000-2000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381223
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process modeling using stacked neural networks (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2529-2539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new technique for neural-network-based modeling of chemical processes is proposed. Stacked neural networks allow multiple neural networks to be selected and used to model a given process. The idea is that improved predictions can be obtained using multiple networks, instead of simply selecting a single, hopefully optimal network, as is usually done. A methodology for stacking neural networks for plant-process modeling has been developed. This method is inspired by the technique of stacked generalization proposed by Wolpert. The proposed method has been applied and evaluated for three example problems, including the dynamic modeling of a nonlinear chemical process. Results obtained demonstrate the promise of this approach for improved neural-network-based plant-process modeling.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420913
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Particle generation in a chemical vapor deposition process with seed particles (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The formation of aerosol particles by gas-phase chemical reaction in the presence of seed particles has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor containing ultrafine TiO2 seed particles was introduced into a laminar flow aerosol reactor, and the properties of produced TiO2 aerosol were measured. By comparing the particle numbers and size distributions of the resulting aerosol with those of the seed particles and those of homogeneously nucleated particles in the absence of seed particles, the effects of initial concentrations of TTIP vapor, reaction temperatures, and properties of seed particles on the suppression of homogeneous nucleation were experimentally clarified. In the theoretical analysis, the population balance equation expressing simultaneous generation of TiO2 monomer, Brownian coagulation and diffusive deposition of TiO2 monomer and aerosols was solved. The observed suppression of homogeneous nucleation by the seed particles is explained qualitatively by the theoretical analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360310
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redox catalysis of absorption from reactive bubbles near electrodes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1781-1788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Electrolyzing sparingly soluble gases as they are absorbed from bubbles can be significantly facilitated by addition of a soluble redox couple which serves to increase both mass and charge transfer rates. A diffusion layer model is used to calculate reaction-catalyzed mass transfer rates in regions of boundary layer penetration by reactive bubbles for the case of (m, n)-order irreversible homogeneous reaction. The dissolved redox catalyst is continuously regenerated at the solid electrode surface. Approximate solutions, which relate surface flux to concentration driving force, are in excellent agreement with the numerical solutions under conditions of fast homogeneous reaction and concentrated catalyst (modified Damköhler number and dimensionless catalyst concentration greater than 3). Diffusion layer thickness is calculated from the mass transfer coefficient kp in penetrated regions. A model based on spherical penetrating bubbles is used to determine kp and specific surface area ap of penetrated regions from kpap values that have been measured in gas-liquid flow through a packed bed. The mass transfer behavior provides useful insight into why the penetration process is so effective in increasing overall reaction rates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341104
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass transfer from dispersed bubbles to electrolyte solution in packed beds (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1504-1510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The measurement of gas-liquid interfacial areas and mass transfer coefficients in concurrent upward bubbly flow (uG from 0.02 to 0.16 m/s, uL from 0.0051 to 0.056 m/s) over a packed bed consisting of 1.2 mm glassy carbon particles is described. Specific surface areas were measured by chemical absorption of O2 into Na2SO3 solutions; volumetric mass transfer coefficients were measured by physical desorption of O2 into N2 bubbles. Surface areas were obtained in the range of 4 × 103 to 2 × 105 m-1, much higher than have been previously reported. High areas are related to the use of electrolytes and small packing particles. Bubble size was found to depend primarily on liquid velocity. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients kLaG are also high (0.1 〈 kLaG 〈 2.3 s-1), primarily as a result of high gas-liquid interfacial areas. Mass transfer coefficients kL are small, however. For the smaller bubble dispersions, mass transport is controlled by diffusion rather than by convection.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340912
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation and control of particle properties in aerosol reactors (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1249-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The production of powders by aerosol routes spans a wide range of operating temperatures depending on the type of aerosol reactors used. The dominant mechanism of particle growth and evolution depends highly on the rate at which the reactions producing the condensible species are carried out. Numerical solutions of the discrete-sectional aerosol general dynamic equation that accounts for the interactions of the discrete clusters were obtained for conditions representative of the different types of aerosol reactors used for powder production today. Simplified reaction and coagulation equations that give fast and useful prediction of the evolution of aerosols associated with chemical reactions were derived, and a simple reaction-coagulation model was developed. The effects of reaction rate, initial vapor concentration, residence time, seed particles, and temperature profile on the properties of tine particles produced by gas-phase chemical reactions were evaluated using both models. Results show good agreement between the two.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340803
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