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  • Chemical Engineering  (20)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1803-1812 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Artificial neural networks have capacity to learn and store information about process faults via associative memory, and thus have an associative diagnostic ability with respect to faults that occur in a process. Knowledge of the faults to be learned by the network evolves from sets of data, namely values of steady-state process variables collected under normal operating condition and those collected under faulty conditions, together with information about the degree of the faults and their causes.Here, we describe how to apply artificial neural networks to fault diagnosis. A suitable two-stage multilayer neural network is proposed as the network to be used for diagnosis. The first stage of the network discriminates between the causes of faults when fed the noisy process measurements. Once the fault is identified, the second stage of the network estimates the degree of the fault. Thus, the diagnosis of incipient faults becomes possible.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 839-848 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We discuss a new type of macroarchitecture of neural networks called a HANN and how to train it for fault diagnosis given appropriate data patterns. The HANN divides a large number of patterns into many smaller subsets so the classification can be carried out more efficiently via an artificial neural network. One of its advantages is that multiple faults can be detected in new data even if the network is trained with data representing single faults. The use of a HANN is illustrated in fault diagnosis of a chemical reactor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1690-1701 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method is described for detecting and locating a leak in a gas transport pipeline lying between two pump stations by an indirect acoustic method. The basic concept is to treat the pipeline as an acoustic tube (similar to a wind instrument), and to estimate the impulse response of the acoustic wave in the pipeline solely from the acoustic signal detected at two terminal sites in the pipeline. The test signal introduced at the input site is only acoustic noise; pipeline operation need not be interrupted. If a leak occurs in the pipeline, the impulse response of the acoustic wave in the pipeline has a sharp pulse or a step at a certain time that can be directly related to the site of the leak. Using the mathematical model of the pipeline acoustics, i.e., the wave equation, a theoretical basis is developed to explain how and why the leak can be detected and located. Experiments carried out in the laboratory under conditions comparable to realistic field conditions demonstrate the validity of the proposed detection method.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 619-624 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid from the methyl isobutyl ketone-water system was studied as a function of plate wetting characteristics and other variables in a pulsed perforated-plate extraction column.Various combinations of stainless steel plates and polyethylene plates were used with different directions of solute transfer at a constant throughput of 82.6 lb. total flow/(min.) (sq. ft. column area) and with other operating variables in the following range:Frequency  -  16 to 117.1 c./min.Amplitude  -  0.492 and 0.973 in.W/K flow ratio  -  0.46 to 2.8 lb. water/lb. ketoneThe plate wetting characteristics were found to affect the column extraction efficiency when the solute transfer was from the continuous ketone phase to water. An all polyethylene plate arrangement provided the best efficiency (H. T. U.oc = 4.1 in.) while an all stainless steel plate arrangement was less efficient (H. T. U.oc = 6.1 in.) under the most favorable operating conditions. A combination of these two arrangements in the column produced efficiencies midway between the all-plastic plate arrangement and the all-stainless steel plate arrangement.Within the column flooding limits the extraction efficiency did not seem to be affected by the plate wetting characteristics when the solute transfer was from water to the continuous ketone phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 697-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Single bubbles of carbon dioxide were formed in a fixed position surrounded by a thin conical film of water flowing at average film Reynolds numbers in the range of 40 to 300. Measurements of interphase mass transfer at 32°C. and various bubble pressures agreed with predicted values only for the smallest bubbles. For larger bubbles, mixing perpendicular to the bubble interface was enhanced by waves, believed to be generated by the unstable interface. A comparison of interphase transfer coefficients between this investigation and previous work indicated that the bubbles at the lowest flow rates qualitatively fell in line with other measurements, but that the highest water flow rates gave distinctly higher coefficients.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 702-708 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of laminar dispersion in a capillary have been used to determine the molecular diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and helium dissolved in water over the temperature range of 10° to 55°C. Literature correlations did not predict realistic values of the diffusivities for the hydrogen - water and helium - water binaries. A statistical analysis of the experimental diffusion coefficients indicated that they could be related to the absolute temperature by a semiempirical correlation, which may be considered an extension of the well-known Wilke-Chang correlation. This relation was based on the absolute reaction rate model of liquids.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 975-981 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Monte Carlo techniques have been used to simulate the stochastic responses of the nonisothermal packed bed reactor. Random variables with specified ensemble means, ensemble standard deviations, and probability distributions (normal, uniform, or autocorrelated) were introduced as inputs and parameters into the model equations, and the equations were solved repeatedly to provide a sample of the outputs. Sample means and sample standard deviations both in the steady and unsteady state were evaluated and the probability distributions of the output temperature and concentration characterized. Confidence limits for a specified confidence coefficient have been determined from which overdesign factors could be computed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 168-170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 250-261 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-level strategy for fault detection and diagnosis developed in Part I is applied to a chemical reactor in which heptane is converted to toluene. Simulation of various faults demonstrates that the proposed strategy is valid, and that it also represents an improvement over fault diagnosis via an extended Kalman filter.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 630-635 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Interphase mass transfer between carbon dioxide gas and water has been investigated. The physical model used was the laminar concurrent flow of gas and liquid in a wide rectangular channel. Because of the high aspect ratio employed, the model was effectively one of parallel plates of infinite width.Three methods of solving the equations of change - the eigensolution method, the boundary layer theory, and penetration theory - were used to compute the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in water from the experimental data. Calculated values of diffusion coefficients from the penetration theory checked well with those from the eigensolution method, but the values computed from the integrated boundary layer equation were about 10% higher.Results from the eigensolution agreed within 5% with the data of other investigators in the temperature range of 20° to 30°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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