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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-vapor equilibria at 112.00 K for systems containing nitrogen, argon, and methane (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid-vapor phase equilibria measurements were made at 112.00 K on the binary systems nitrogen-argon, nitrogen-methane, and argon-methane and the ternary system nitrogen-argon-methane. Values of gE, the excess Gibbs free energy, have been calculated from the experimental data for all the systems studied. The data and derived gE values for the binary systems were compared with the results of previous investigations with satisfactory agreement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure drop through porous mediaParts I through IV of this article appeared in the Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and Chemical Engineering Progress (1 to 4). (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 79-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fluid flow data are presnted for beds of uniformly sized spheres consolidated with resin over a porosity range from 36.4 to 12.3%. The data are analyzed in terms of an effective pore volume and equations are given for predicting pressure drop by use of a friction-factor-Reynolds-number plot.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric constants and Clausius-Mossotti functions for simple liquid mixtures: Systems containing nitrogen, argon and light hydrocarbons (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dielectric constants and Clausius-Mossotti functions (CM) have been determined for selected pure components, binary mixtures, and ternary mixtures at temperatures between 91 and 115 K and pressures near saturation. Excess Clausius-Mossotti functions (CME) have been calculated from the pure fluid and mixture values.Mixture CME values are found to be generally less than 0.1% of the mixture CM values for systems containing only nonpolar species. Thus, dielectric constant measurements can be conveniently used as substitute density measurements for simple liquid mixtures. Methods have been developed to utilize dielectric constant measurements to accurately determine densities and heating values per unit liquid volume for liquefied natural gas mixtures.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersed phase mixing: II. Measurements in organic dispersed systems (1963)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When two liquid phases are contacted in a stirred tank reactor, dispersed phase mixing can affect average reaction rate and product selectivity in nonfirst order or mass transfer controlled reactions, as shown theoretically in Part I. This work is concerned with experimental measurement of the dispersed phase mixing rate. Various organic phase dispersions in water were studied in stirred tanks with a dye transfer light transmission technique. Batch experiments were performed in 0.30, 5.5, and 86-gal. vessels. The variables studied were power input per unit volume, phase fraction, impeller type, and vessel scale. Dispersed phase mixing rates were found to be in the range where they can have significant effects on chemical reactions. A typical value of the mixing rate is 10 volumes of dispersed phase/min. at a power input of 10 hp./1,000 gal. The information given here and in Part I shows for the first time the importance of these effects in reactor design.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690090212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditional statistics in turbulent scalar mixing and reaction (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1149-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420426
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysilanes: Photochemistry and deep UV lithography (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 882-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The photochemistry of poly(cyclohexylmethylsilane) (PCHMS) has been studied, and PCHMS homopolymer has been shown to be useful for high resolution, deep UV pattern generation either by using a commercial 1:1 projection printer operating in the deep UV or by an excimer laser stepper at 248 nm. In the case of the excimer laser stepper, images 0.5 μm and smaller have been printed, which represents an improvement over the 0.8 μm limit previously reported for polysilane copolymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble polysilanes: An interesting new class of radiation sensitive materials (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1129-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: All high molecular weight polysilane derivatives are characterized by a very strong electronic absorption in the-UV spectral region. The position of this absorption and the molar extinction coefficients are functions of both the nature of the substituent and the molecular weight. In this regard, both the λmax and the ∊si-si increase rapidly at first with increased catenation and approach limiting values al around 100 to 150 monomer units. Irradiation of these polysilane derivatives leads predominantly to chain scission and molecular weight reduction although the scission ing/crosslinking ratio is dependent on the nature of the substituents. The mechanism of the photodegradation involves both the extrusion of substituted silylene fragments and the formation of silyl radicals. Lithographically, we have exercised the polysilanes in two configurations: (1) O2-RlE etch resistant barriers in multilayer structures and, (2) thin imaginable layers for O2-RIE image transfer. In each case, the stability of the silicon polymers to O2-RIE conditions is due to the formation of a thin skin of oxide. In the case of the bilayer configurations, the images have been developed both by conventional wet development and by excimer laser ablation at either 308 or 248 nm prior to image transfer. Using either mode, we have been able to generate and transfer submicron images without difficulty. Finally, the strong optical absorption of the polysilanes, coupled with the observed bleaching upon irradiation, suggests potential as contrast enhancing materials. The contrast enhancement gained by the use of a polysilane layer has been modeled by computer simulation and demonstrated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760261610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polyester/polycarbonate blends by size exclusion chromatography and melt rheometry (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A major obstacle to the study of polymer blends has been the lack of a convenient technique for measurement of molecular weight. Melt rheometry, while giving useful information related to processing and end-use performance, is incapable of providing detailed information on the individual components. This work describes the use of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to study the molecular-weight distributions of polycarbonates and aromatic polyesters in blends of the two. SEC of the polycarbonate is achieved in a solvent which dissolves the polycarbonate, but not the polyester, while SEC is performed in a solvent which dissolves both components, but using selective detection. Thus, SEC is used to examine the individual components of the blend, while rheometry can be used to study the blend as a whole. This combination of techniques has been successfully used to analyze the effect of moisture, processing conditions, and recycling on blend properties.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of size-exclusion chromatography to study molecular-weight changes of flame-retardant fiber-reinforced polyesters (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 592-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reinforced plastics based on poly(cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT) are excellent for electrical and electronic applications, particularly in the manufacture of electrical connectors. PCT offers a high heat deflection temperature, low cost, and relative ease of processing. For the injection molding process, stability of the melt is an important consideration, especially for materials with high melting points such as PCT. The combination of the polyester resin with flame retardant additives, processing aids, and thermal stabilizers results in a number of competing reactions which can change the molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution (MWD) of the base polymer in the composite. Typical analytical techniques such as melt or dilute solution viscosity do not give adequate means of monitoring these changes so as to allow the polymer chemist to determine the effects of various additives on MWD. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), by virtue of providing information on the entire MWD, was found suitable to study molecular-weight changes in the melt due to both branching and chain cleavage, even when both phenomena occur simultaneously. Changes in the MWD over time at processing temperatures can be used to determine kinetic parameters and have been used to optimize PCT additive formulations for best processability and mechanical property retention.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310810
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of catalyst on the reactive processing of polyesters with epoxy-functional polymers (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 675-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective this work was to determine the effects of selected polyester catalysts on the reaction of a polyester with epoxy functional polymers. Polyesters containing various catalyst metals were melt blended with either an ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate or a styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. The viscosities of the blends were monitored as a function of mixing time using torque rheometry. In addition, the molecular weight distributions of selected samples were analyzed using gel permeation chromatography. Both the torque rheometry and the gel permeation chromatography results indicate that the polyester reacts with epoxy functional polymers. This reaction occurs under conditions and at processing times which are readily obtainable in conventional melt processing equipment. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics of polyesters with glycidyl methacrylate copolymers are dramatically affected by the nature of the catalyst system used to prepare the polyester. Under the conditions used, antimony catalysts are particularly effective at promoting the reaction between polyesters and the epoxy functionality and the activity of the catalysts studied appears to decrease in the following order: antimony 〉 gallium 〉 tin ≃ titanium 〉 germanium. Manipulation of the polyester catalyst system may offer a method to control the extent of reaction obtained in reactive processing of polyesters with epoxy functional compounds.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331104
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