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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 915-938 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The integro-differential growth model of Eakman, Fredriekson, and Tsuehiya has been employed to fit cell size distribution data for Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown in a chemostat under severe product inhibition by ethanol. The distributions were obtained with a Coulter aperture and an electronic system patterned after that of Harvey and Marr. Four parameters - mean cell division size, cell division size standard deviation, daughter cell size standard deviation, and a growth rate coefficient - were calculated for models where the cell growth rate was inversely proportional to size, constant, and proportional to size. A fourth model, one where sigmoidal growth behavior was simulated by two linear growth segments, was also investigated. Linear and sigmoidal models fit the distribution data best. While the mean cell division size remained relatively constant at all growth rates, standard deviation of division size distribution increased with increasing holding times. Standard deviation of the daughter size distribution remained small at all dilution rates. Unlike previous findings with other organisms, the average cell size of Schizosaccharomyces pobme increased at low growth rates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 67-82 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of grafting styrene and acrylonitrile onto polyethylene and Teflon FEP films on their gas permeation and separation properties were investigated. The time-lag method was used to determine the permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients of nitrogen and methane gases in the grafted films. The separation factors of nitrogen - methane gas mixtures were measured by gas chromatography. Structural and morphologic changes in the modified films were examined by density, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared measurements. Attempts were made to relate these changes to the gas permeation and separation characteristics of the films. Modification by graft copolymerization resulted in slightly improved separation factors; however, the permeability and diffusion coefficients decreased. The experimental permeability and diffusion coefficients for gas mixtures were in good agreement with those of the pure components and could be predicted by single gas permeability and diffusion coefficients.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 340-345 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polymer molecular weight heterogeneity affects the rheological properties of polymer melts such as melt viscosity, fracture and die swell. These rheological properties affect the conversion of the polymer from the bulk resin state to its final usable form. In this particular study, the effect of molecular weight distribution on polyethylene blown film characteristics was studied. The effect of the molecular weight heterogeneity on the rheological characteristics of the polymer in the molten state and its effect on the film properties is presented.The properties studied included film gloss, haze, tear resistance and film impact strength.This study shows that broadening the molecular weight distribution increases haze and reduces film gloss. Further, it was shown that a linear relationship exists between film gloss and external haze. Both values are measures of surface irregularities in the film which are affected by the drawing characteristics of the polymer.A broader molecular weight distribution results in increased impact strength as measured by the Dart Drop Impact Test. This is, it is believed, a result of the increase in long chain branching of the higher molecular weight fractions of the polymer which cause a higher degree of molecular weight entanglement at the branch sites. In contrast the tear strength is reduced as the molecular weight distribution broadens because of the low molecular weight fraction in the broad spectrum material which tend to decrease resistance to tear.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1507-1516 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase from spinach has been bound to arylamine porous glass with a diazo linkage and to alklamine porous glass with glutaraldehyde. Stability at elevated temperatures and responses to changes of pH and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate, Mg2+, and dithiothreitol concentrations were not significantly different from the soluble enzyme, though stability at 4°C was somewhat improved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 75-92 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The bacterium Acetobacter suboyxdans and the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis have been grown together on a synthetic medium in a chemostat. Mannitol, the only carbon source fed to the fermenter, is oxidized by the bacteria to fructose. The yeast, which cannot attack mannitol, breaks down the fructose nearly completely. Eight steady states and five transitory periods after changes in flow rate have been analyzed to study the kinetics of the mixed culture. Separate cell concentrations were determined by a modified Coulter counter apparatus. Both sugars were monitored. Both bacteria and yeast may be modeled using Monod's equation, the latter with some deviations. The yeast is unable to grow beyond the washout point of the bacteria, even though its maximum growth rate is much higher. The yield of both organisms decreases with increasing dilution rate, as does their average cell size. After step changes in dilution rate, repeated oscillations of both sugar and cell concentrations usually occur before steady-state conditions are reattained. They are generally in phase, with no definite sign of a lag. Oscillations of yeast and fructose concentrations are more pronounced. Periods average about 6 hr and are not correlated with fermentation conditions or equipment variables. Repeated oscillations are not found after step-downs in pure cultures of A. suboxydans, leading to the conclusion that the instability in mixed cultures may be caused by a feedback mechanism from the yeast to the bacteria.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1373-1392 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The response of two-species commensalistic systems in a chemostat has been investigated after perturbations in steady state conditions and after step changes in dilution rate. The system is inherently stable with not more than three overshoots and undershoots possible. More complicated commensalistic systems are less stable, with limit cycle response occurring after dilution rate changes when feedback inhibition and feedforward activation occurs. In general variation of feedback parameters is more effective in changing the behavior of the systems than variation of feedforward parameters. Limited agreement with the experimental data of Chao and Reilly was obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A numerical method for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems is presented. The approach reformulates the associated two-point boundary value problem as a multidimensional minimization problem. This problem is, in turn, solved by using the method of Davidon-Fletcher-Powell. The one-dimensional minimization problem implicit in the implementation of the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm is handled with the Fibonacci search technique. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for problems with and without magnitude constraints on the control variable(s).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 2739-2751 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A study has been made of the diffusion, solubility, and separation of nitrogen and methane gases in a series of air-and vacuum-irradiated polyethylene films in the temperature range of 15° to 50°C. Samples were air irradiated to 90 Mrads and vacuum irradiated to 80 Mrads. The major structural differences between the modified films were the presence of oxygenated species in the air-irradiated samples. The oxidation of these samples reduced the amount of crosslinking normally found in vacuum-irradiated samples. Diffusion and permeability coefficients for both gases decreased with irradiation dose. The solubility coefficients for the air-irradiated samples increased with increasing irradiation dose while little change was observed for vacuum-irradiated film. The gas mixture permeabilities could be predicted from the pure component permeabilities, and the methane-nitrogen separation factor decreased with increasing irradiation dose.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2635-2655 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung, der absoluten Streukraft und der Dimensionen der Einheitszelle wurden für eine Reihe von 1,3,5-Trioxan - 1,3-Dioxolan Copolymeren gemessen. Der Vergleich dieser Werte mit den von Wilski an den gleichen Proben gemessenen spezifischen Volumina zeigte, daß die Struktur dieser Copolymeren in guter Näherung durch ein Zweiphasenmodell beschrieben werden kann.Die bei Temperaturerhöhung stattfindenden Änderungen der Streukraft, der Langperiode und des Kristallisationsgrades sind reversibel, so lange die ursprüngliche Temper-Temperatur nicht überschritten wird. Die Intensitätsänderungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung und das Anwachsen der Langperiode lassen sich nicht auf die thermische Ausdhnung zurückführen. Zur Deutung muß man die bekannte Erscheinung des partiellen Schmelzens heranziehen. Verschiedene Modelle für die beim partiellen Schmelzen stattfindenden Strukturänderungen werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: The temperature dependences of the absolute small angle X-ray scattering powers and of the unit cell spacings of a series of 1,3,5-trioxane - 1,3-dioxolane copolymers were measured. From a comparison of these data and of the specific volume values measured by Wilski it is concluded that values of crystallinity calculated in a conventional manner provide meaningful parameters when discussing the microstructure of these materials.The measurements were made on annealed samples. At temperatures below the original annealing temperatures changes in small angle scattering power, long periods and crystallinities of the samples were observed. These changes were reversible with temperature and were too large to be explained by thermal expansion. It is concluded that the copolymers display the phenomenon known as partial melting. Possible structural explanations of this effect are examined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3207-3223 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Das Verhalten der Viskositätszahl von Fraktionen niedrigen Molekulargewichtes ataktischer Polyacrylsäure bei 50% und 100% Neutralisation und verschiedenen Konzentrationen hinzugefügten Natriumchlorids wird untersucht. In salzfreier Lösung nimmt das 100%ig neutralisierte Polymere die Gestalt eines starren Stäbchens an. Die Ergebnisse bei NaCl-Konzentrationen über 0,02mol/l lassen sich durch ein undurchspültes statistisches Knäuel interpretieren.Die Werte von KΘ werden nach der Methode von Stockmayer-Fixman bestimmt. Dabei nimmt KΘ für Polyacrylsäure in Dioxan von der zu 50% neutralisierten Form in 0,5M Natriumchloridlösung zu der zu 100% neutralisierten Form in 1,5 M Natriumchloridlösung zu. Dies weist darauf hin, daß ein Effekt kurzreichender elektrischer Kräfte auch am Θ-Punkt weiterbesteht.
    Notizen: The intrinsic viscosities of low molecular weight fractions of atactic poly(acrylic acid) at 50% and 100% neutralization and at several concentrations of added sodium chloride is studied. In salt-free solutions the 100% neutralized polymer assumes the rigid rod form. The results at concentrations of sodium chloride higher than 0,02 mol/l can be interpreted in terms of a non-draining random coil polymer.The values of KΘ are determined using the Stockmayer-Fixman method; there is an increase in KΘ on going from poly(acrylic acid) in dioxane through the 50% neutralized form in 0,5M sodium chloride solution to the 100% neutralized form in 1,5M sodium chloride solution, indicating the continued effect of short-range electrical forces at the Θ-point.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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