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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 1037-1041 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anorectal manometry ; Transcutaneous electromyography ; Anal sonography ; Defecation disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: A direct comparison of anal sphincter physiology (muscle performance and anatomy-muscle thickness) has not yet been undertaken but may be of importance in patients with defecation disorders. METHODS: We evaluated 15 healthy volunteers by means of anorectal manometry to determine pressure functions of the internal and external anal sphincter. Transcutaneous electromyography was recorded to assess the electrical activity of the external anal sphincter. Thickness of the anal sphincter muscles was measured sonographically from within the anal canal with dorsal projection using a 7.5-MHz 360° rectal panorama scanner. RESULTS: It was shown that neither is the muscle thickness of the external anal sphincter during rest (6.26±1.02 mm) or during squeezing (7.40±1.39 mm) correlated to its squeeze pressure (138.8±15.2 mmHg), nor is the diameter of the internal anal sphincter (2.09±0.58 mm) correlated to its resting pressure (61.1±15.2 mmHg). Finally, the thicker the internal anal sphincter muscle, the lower the electrical activity of the external anal sphincter during squeezing (r=0.74,P 〈0.001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that both manometry to assess sphincter function and sonography to determine sphincter morphology are important measures in the evaluation of continence function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychotherapeut 43 (1998), S. 171-178 
    ISSN: 0935-6185
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychotherapeutische Versorgung ; Psychosomatische Rehabilitation ; Qualitätssicherung ; Berufsrolle ; Key words Psychotherapeutical care ; Psychosomatic rehabilitation ; Quality assurance ; Role of the physician
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany inpatient psychotherapy generally takes place in special psychosomatic hospitals. Their aims are often not clear, just as their place in the whole system of medical care. Although most of them are rehabilitation hospitals from a juridical point of view, they are many times defined as specialised hospitals which do not differentiate between treatment and rehabilitation. This lack of clear definition leads to a number of structural conflicts which largely influence the staff’s scope of action and the therapeutic work. In psychosomatic rehabilitation the doctor is taking over three social roles: the role of physician, the role of psychotherapist and the role of the expert in social medicine towards the social security institution. These social roles can be understood as a complex of behavioral expectations arising from different reference systems (social security-, hospital-, treatment-, patient-system) directed towards the social position of the doctor. Within his social position the doctor is thereby involved into certain conflicts. This article will analyze the described structural problems and try to contribute to further development of the concepts in psychosomatic rehabilitation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit stationärer Psychotherapie erfolgt in Deutschland überwiegend in „Psychosomatischen Fachkliniken”. Deren Zielbestimmung ist oft unklar, wie überhaupt ihre Stellung im Gesamtsystem der gesundheitlichen Versorgung. Obwohl sie von ihrem (juristischen) Status her in der Regel Rehabilitationskliniken sind, verstehen sie sich vielfach als Fachkliniken, in denen zwischen Behandlung und Rehabilitation nicht unterschieden wird. Diese Unklarheiten führen zu mannigfaltigen strukturellen Konflikten, die den Handlungsspielraum der in ihnen Tätigen wesentlich mitbestimmen und die therapeutische Arbeit beeinflussen. Das gilt insbesondere für den Arzt, der in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation drei soziale Rollen übernimmt: die des Körperarztes, die des Psychotherapeuten und die des sozialmedizinischen Sachverständigen gegenüber der Rentenversicherung. Zwischen diesen sozialen Rollen als einem Komplex von Verhaltenserwartungen aus unterschiedlichen Bezugssystemen (Sozialversicherungs-, Kliniks, Behandlungs-, Patientensystem) an die soziale Position des Arztes kommt es zu bestimmten Konflikten. Dies wird als Beitrag zur konzeptuellen Weiterentwicklung der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation näher analysiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanische Eigenschaften von SiliciumnitridDie mechanischen Raumtemperatureigenschaften von reaktionsgebundenem und heißgepreßtem Siliciumnitrid werden unter Berücksichtigung des Gefüges dieser Werkstoffe besprochen.Materialbedingte Gefügeeigenschaften zeigen einen ausgeprägten Einfluß auf die Festigkeit. Bei reaktionsgebundenem Siliciumnitrid sind dies der Volumenanteil der Porosität und die Porengrößenverteilung im Werkstoff. Im Falle des heißgepreßten Siliciumnitrids beeinflussen der Volumenanteil der während der α/β-Phasenumwandlung gebildeten stäbchenförmigen β-Körner und deren Korngrößenverteilung die Festigkeit.
    Notes: The room temperature mechanical properties of reaction bonded and hot-pressed silicon nitride are reviewed with respect to the microstructure of the material. It is shown that the strength of these compounds is predominantly controlled by microstructural features. These are the volume fraction of porosity and the pore size distribution for reaction bonded Si3N4, and the volume fraction of elongated transformed β grains and their grain size for hot-pressed Si3N4.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 298-302 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A conventional fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source was used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) in a high-mass, double-focusing, magnetic mass spectrometer. The pulsed ion signals generated by irradiation of a mixture of sample and matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) with either a XeF excimer Laser (353 nm) or a nitrogen laser (337 nm) were recorded with a focal-plane detector. A resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 4500 was achieved at m/z 1347.7 (the peptide substance P), 2500 for CsI cluster ions at m/z 10005.7, and 1250 for the isotope cluster of the small protein cytochrome c (horse) [M+H]+=m/z 12360 (average). Sensitivity is demonstrated with 11 fmol of substance P. A survey scan is taken to prodluce a better signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to higher sensitivity and lower matrix interference, lthe advantage of MALD over FAB is the former's lower susceptibility to the presence of salts, and competition between hydrophobic and bydrophilic components of a mixture. This feature is demonstrated by the complete MALD spectrum of a crude partial tryptic digest of spedrm-whale apomyoglobin, containing 24 peptides, representing the entire sequence of this protein.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 58 (1975), S. 1512-1517 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cyclisation of either 1a or 3a with acid yielded the cis-fused erythrinanone 2; no trans-isomer could be detected. The structure of this unexpected product was determined by NMR. and confirmed by an X-ray analysis. Various tetrahydro- and hexahydro-2-indolinones were prepared to facilitate the interpretation of the NMR.-spectrum of 2.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 509-520 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions between Benzyl Derivatives of Titanium and AluminiumThe reaction between tribenzylaluminium (AlBz3) and tetrabenzyltitanium (TiBz4) or tris(p-methylbenzyl)aluminium (AlXy3) and tetrakis(p-methylbenzy1)titanium (TiXy4) with elimination of toluene or xylene respectively, which yields catalytic systems for α-olefin polymerization, has been investigated using cryoscopy, MS, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The extent of the reaction depends on the Al/Ti ratio, reaching a maximum for values between 4 and 5. The reaction is accompanied by a reduction of Ti(IV) to Ti(III). On mixing tetrabenzyltitanium (TiBz4) with dibenzylzinc (ZnBz2) [Zn/Ti = 1.23] only titanium reduction occurs. This system does not polymerize 4-methyl-1-pentene.
    Notes: Die Reaktion zwischen Tribenzylaluminium (AlBz3) und Tetrabenzyltitan (TiBz4) oder Tris(p-methylbenzyl)aluminium (AlXy3) und Tetrakis(p-methylbenzyl)titan (TiXy4) unter Eliminierung von Toluol bzw. Xylol, welche katalytische Systeme für die Polymerisation von α-Olefinen liefert, wurde durch Kryoskopie, MS- und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Das Reaktionsausmaß hängt von dem Al/Ti-Verhältnis ab und erreicht ein Maximum für Al/Ti zwischen 4 und 5. Die Reaktion wird von einer Reduktion von Ti(IV) zu Ti(III) begleitet. Beim Mischen von Tetrabenzyltitan (TiBz4) mit Dibenzylzink (ZnBz2) [Zn/Ti = 1.23] findet nur die Reduktion des Titans statt. Dieses System polymerisiert 4-Methyl-1-penten nicht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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