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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planar leaky light-guides and couplers (1973)
    Springer
    Applied physics 1 (1973), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Integrated optics ; Thin films ; Goos-Hänchen effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative theory of light propagation in a dielectric slab guide with general cladding media is presented. It is based on a plane wave which bounces in a zigzag fashion along the guide as a result of total or partial reflections at the two surfaces of the film. Two mechanisms are considered which contribute to the attenuation of the guide: losses due to absorption in the slab and cladding materials, and radiation losses if the guide is a leaky one. We point out the significance of the Goos-Hänchen effect for all questions relating to the power flow in the slab guide. The theory is illustrated by discussing dispersion and attenuation of guides with various low-index and high-index claddings, operating above and below cutoff. The low-index leaky guide is considered particularly in detail. Its high attenuation by leakage can be reduced to practically acceptable values (〈1d B/cm) by increasing the film thickness to ≳ 40λ. One application of this guide is in the leaky wave coupler. This coupler may be viewed as a prism-film coupler simplified by omission of the gap. It offers a new approach to the problem of broad-band coupling to thin-film light guides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disruptive processes in the shear crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of samples of poly(ethylene oxide) of varying molecular weights and molecular weight distributions has been studied under varying conditions of shear rate and temperature. These experiments have been carried out in two devices. One is a shearing parallel-plate instrument that allows direct observation of the crystallizing medium. The other is a shearing concentric-cylinder dilatometer. In general, shear enhanced the rates of crystallization and nucleation. However, conditions were encountered under which shear retarded crystallization and/or nucleation. Combination of the data from these two devices suggests that, under certain shearing and sample conditions, chain slippage and particle fracture lead to decreased apparent rates of nucleation and/or crystallization.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions in the mass spectrometry of a hydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 715-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A hydride Meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (TNTH-) was synthesized using tetramethylammonium octahydroborate. TNT and TNTH- (as the tetramethylammonium salt) were analyzed by direct exposure probe mass spectrometry using electron impact (EI), chemical ionization (CI) and negative-ion chemical ionization (NCI). For further identification, the ions of the mass spectra were investigated using tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (CID). Although the EI mass spectra of both compounds were similar, the CID mass spectra of the ions at m/z 227 (M+ of TNT) of the two compounds showed large differences in daughter ion abundances. A major difference between the two compounds also appeared in their CI methane mass spectra. Two abundant ions, at m/z 183 and 198, appeared only in the CI mass spectrum of TNNH-. CID parent ion scans showed that the origin of these two ions was not the m/z 227 ion. We suggest that these ions are formed by chemical reactions of the complex on the surface of the heated probe tip, followed by ionization. These reactions, probably a reduction process forming m/z 198 and hydrolysis forming m/z 183, occur preferentially in TNTH-, the already reduced form of TNT. Formation of the ions at m/z 183 and 198 was also observed in the liquid chromatography particle beam CI mass spectrum of TNTH-.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300510
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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