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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zytogenetik als Ergänzung zur Histopathologie am Beispiel des myelodysplastischen Syndroms (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 286-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myelodysplastisches Syndrom ; Knochenmark ; Zytogenetik ; Histopathologie ; Prognose ; Key words Myelodysplastic syndrome ; Bone marrow ; Cytogenetics ; Histopathology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The value of cytogenetics performed simultaneously with histopathology was evaluated in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Clonal karyotype changes of the bone marrow cells supporting the histological diagnosis were found in 38/69 cases (55 %). The chromosome aberrations, especially complex changes, were significantly correlated to distinct histopathological findings such as atypias of the haematopoietic cell lines and myelosclerosis. Complex karyotype changes were further associated with short survival of the MDS patients. Our results demonstrate that cytogenetic analyses are helpful in supplementing the histopathological diagnoses. Recent developments in molecular cytogenetics even allow the detection of chromosomal aberrations in non-dividing cells from cytological preparations or tissue sections which may become available for routine diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung simultaner zytogenetischer und histologischer Untersuchungen wurde bei Patienten mit myelodysplastischem Syndrom (MDS) überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß klonale Karyotypveränderungen der Knochenmarkzellen bei 38 der 69 (55 %) analysierten Patienten auftraten und damit häufig eine Absicherung der histologischen Diagnose erlaubten. Die Chromosomenanomalien, insbesondere komplexe Karyotypveränderungen, korrelierten signifikant mit einer Reihe histopathologischer Befunde, darunter Atypien der einzelnen hämatologischen Zellreihen und Myelosklerose. Durch den Nachweis komplexer Karyotypveränderungen war eine unabhängige prognostische Aussage möglich. Damit zeigen unsere Ergebnisse am Beispiel des MDS, daß zytogenetische Analysen eine sinnvolle Ergänzung der histologischen Untersuchung sein können. Darüber hinaus ist durch den Einsatz der molekularen Zytogenetik die Bestimmung von Chromosomenanomalien in zytologischen Ausstrichpräparaten oder Gewebeschnitten möglich, wodurch sich solche Befunde auch für die tägliche Diagnostik verwenden lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zytogenetik und molekulare Untersuchungen sichern die histopathologischen Diagnosen von chronischen myelopro-liferativen Erkrankungen ab (1995)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chronische myeloproliferative Erkrankungen ; Philadelphia-Translokation ; Zytogenetik ; Molekulargenetik ; Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung ; Histopathologie ; Key words Chronic myeloproliferative disorders ; Philadelphia-translocation ; Cytogenetics ; Molecular genetics ; Fluorescence in situ hybridization ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The histopathological classification of chronic myeloproliferative disorders can be supported by applying cytogenetics and molecular genetics to the analysis of bone marrow or blood cells, as demonstrated in 253 cases evaluated. The Philadelphia translocation (9;22) is the most important genetic parameter, being specific for chronic myeloid leukemia. Conventional methods for the detection of the t(9;22) are karyotyping and Southern blot analysis of the bcr gene. The newly established technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows visualization of bcr-abl fusion even in non dividing cells. Molecular cytogenetics for t(9;22) yield results that are rapid and reliable as well as easily quantifiable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zytogenetische und molekulargenetische Untersuchungen von Knochenmark- oder Blutzellen sind für die histopathologische Klassifikation der chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen hilfreich, was durch die simultane Auswertung von 253 Fällen gezeigt wird. Insbesondere die Analyse der Philadelphia-Translokation (9;22) ist dabei für die Bestätigung oder den Ausschluß einer chronischen myeloischen Leukämie wichtig. Für den Nachweis der t(9;22) stehen die konventionelle Karyotypisierung mit Bestimmung des Philadelphia-Chromosoms und das Southernblotverfahren zur Analyse einer Umlagerung des bcr-Gens zur Verfügung. Durch die neuere Methode der Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) kann auch eine bcr-abl-Fusion an Interphasekernen dargestellt werden. Diese molekulare Zytogenetik ist ein rasches und zuverlässiges Verfahren zum Nachweis der Philadelphia-Translokation, das zudem leicht quantifizierbare Ergebnisse liefert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome analyses in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: Correlation with bone marrow histopathology and prognostic significance (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myelodysplastic syndrome ; Myelofibrosis ; Cytogenetics ; Histopathology ; Bone marrow biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromosome analyses of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells were performed in a total of 51 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) simultaneously with histopathological examination of resinembedded bone marrow biopsies. Diagnosis of MDS was established by histopathology according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, and reassessed by haematological data and clinical course. Clonal karyotypic changes were found in 30 of the 51 patients (59%): in 15 of 19 (79%) patients with refractory anaemia, 7 of 11 (64%) with refractory anaemia and excess of blasts (RAEB), 6 of 10 (60%) with RAEB in transformation, and 2 of 11 (18%) with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. The following three features of the histopathology revealed positive correlations with karyotype abnormalities: all cases of myelofibrosis in MDS (7/51) were accompanied by chromosome aberrations, microforms of megakaryocytes with reduced nuclear lobulation were observed in 18 of 30 cases with karyotype changes, and hypocellularity of haematopoiesis was associated with aberrations of chromosome 7 in 2 of 4 cases. No positive correlations were revealed between abnormal karyotypes and the transformation to acute leukaemia. The survival times were significantly decreased in patients with complex (3 and more) karyotype changes, when compared with patients with single (1–2) chromosome aberrations or normal karyotype, independently of the FAB classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607138
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ELECTRONEGATIVITY MODEL FOR POLAR GROUND-STATE EFFECTS ON BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGIES (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: electronegativity model ; polar ground-state effects ; bond dissociation energies ; radicals ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---Homolytic bond dissociation energies are a composite of the radical stabilization energies (RSE) of the product radicals and the polar ground-state stabilization energies (PSE) of the reactant molecules. Substituent effects on the PSE are rationalized in terms of changes in the difference of group electronegativities. Thus, the PSE is composed of a bond polarity term, which measures the contribution due to the change in the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the bond, which is broken, and a polar relaxation term, which accounts for the substituent-dependent group electronegativity changes in the remaining bonds. A semi-quantitative model based on Pauling's bonding theory is suitable to assess the direction and relative magnitude of such effects. For the cleavage of benzylic and related bonds, the polar relaxation energy can be neglected (one-bond approximation) to allow the use of correlation analyses and substituent σ 〉parameters for the interpretation of aryl substituent effects on the PSE. Accordingly, the plots of the PSEs versus σ substituent parameters should be linear, curved or parabolic depending on the electronegativity difference of the atoms in the bond being broken (ΔEN); moreover, the slopes (ρ values) should increase linearly with ΔEN. The predicted dependences of the PSEs on aryl substituents are compared with known experimental results and with the data obtained from semiempirical calculations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen transfer in slurries of carbon supported catalyst (HPO process) (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1691-1697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of suspended activated carbon on gas/liquid mass transfer is studied for the Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation of nitrate to hydroxylamine (HPO process). In a bubble column and in a stirred autoclave, physical mass transfer (kLa) in the concentrated salt solution is improved by more than a factor of three by the catalyst. Chemical absorption enhancement by the zero-order catalytic reaction is insignificant at the employed catalyst diameter (40 μm), but hydroxylamine selectivity depends on the absorption regime.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azidokomplexe des Zirkoniums: ZrCl3N3, [ZrCl4N3]22⊝, [ZrCl4(N3)2]2⊝; die Kristallstruktur von (PPh4)2[ZrCl4N3]2 (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 482 (1981), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azido Complexes of Zirconium: ZrCl3N3, [ZrCl4N3]22⊝, [ZrCl4(N3)2]2⊝; Crystal Structure of (PPh4)2 [ZrCl4N3]2Highly explosive ZrCl3N3 is formed by the reaction of ZrCl4 with iodine azide in dichloromethane suspension. According to the i.r. spectra, the compound is polymeric by azide and chlorine bridges. Zirconium tetrachloride reacts with one and two moles of tetraphenylphosphonium azide respectively, forming the thermally and mechanically stable complexes (PPh4)2[ZrCl4N3]2 and (PPh4)2[ZrCl4(N3)2]. The crystal structure of (PPh4)2[ZrCl4N3]2 was determined by X-ray methods (1942 reflexions, R = 6.5%). The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with two formula units per unit cell. The structure consists of tetraphenylphosphonium cations and dimeric anions [ZrCl4N3]22⊝, in which the Zr atoms are linked by the α-N atoms of the azide groups, forming a centrosymmetric Zr2N2 ring with symmetry D2h. According to the i.r. spectra, the azide groups in the complex (PPh4)2[ZrCl4(N3)2] are covalently bonded at the Zr atom in trans positions.
    Notes: Hochexplosives ZrCl3N3 entsteht aus Zirkoniumtetrachlorid und Iodazid in Dichlormethan-Suspension. Nach dem IR-Spektrum liegt ein über Azido- und Chlorobrücken verknüpftes Polymer vor. Zirkoniumtetrachlorid bildet mit einem bzw. zwei Mol Tetraphenylphosphoniumazid die thermisch und mechanisch stabilen Komplexe (PPh4)2[ZrCl4N3]2 und (PPh4)2[ZrCl4(N3)2] Die Kristallstruktur von (PPh4)2[ZrCl4N3]2 wurde mit Röntgenbeugungsdaten ermittelt (1942 Reflexe, R = 6,5%). Die Verbindung kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit zwei Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle. Es liegen Tetraphenylphosphoniumkationen und dimere Anionen [ZrCl4N3]22⊝ vor, in denen die Zirkoniumatome durch die α-N-Atome der Azidgruppen zu einem zentrosymmetrischen Zr2N2-Vierring der Symmetrie D2h verknüpft sind. In dem Komplex (PPh4)2-[ZrCl4(N3)2] sind die Azidogruppen nach dem IR-Spektrum kovalent an das Zr-Atom gebunden und in trans-Position zueinander angeordnet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19814821113
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetraphenylarsonium-tetrachloromonoazidotitanat (IV); Darstellung, IR-Spektrum und Kristallstruktur von (AsPh4)2 [TiCl4N3]2 (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 468 (1980), S. 172-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetraphenylarsonium Tetrachloromonoazidotitanate(IV); Preparation, I.R. Spectrum, and Crystal Structure of (AsPh4)2[TiCl4N3]2The title compound was obtained from TiCl4 and AsPh4N3 in H2CCl2 solution in form of yellow crystals. Its crystal structure was determined with X-ray diffraction data and was refined to a residual index of R = 4.2%. (AsPh4)2[TiCl4N3]2 crystallizes in the space group P1 with one formula unit per unit cell. The [TiCl4N3]2- ion is situated on a crystallographic inversion center and beyond that fulfills the point symmetry C2h in good approximation. The two Ti atoms are linked via the α-N atoms of the azido groups forming a planar (TiN)2 ring. The azido groups are inclined by 20° towards the ring plane. The i.r. Spectrum was recorded and assigned.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht aus Titantetrachlorid und Tetraphenylarsoniumazid in Dichlormethanlösung in Form gelber, feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher Kristalle. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit Röntgenbeugungsdaten aufgeklärt und bis zu einem Übereinstimmungsindex von R = 4,2% verfeinert. (AsPh4)2[TiCl4N3]2 Kristallisiert triklin (Raumgruppe P1) mit einer Formeleinheit pro Elementarzelle. Das [TiCl4N3]2--Ion befindet sich in einem kristallographischen Inversionszentrum und erfüllt darüber hinaus in guter Näherung die Punktsymmetrie C2h. Die beiden Ti-Atome sind über die α-N-Atome der Azidogruppen verknüpft unter Ausbildung eines planaren (TiN)2-Rings. Die Azidogruppen sind 20° gegen die Ringebene geneigt. Das IR-Spektrum wurde registriert und zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19804680121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Korrosion in Hochtemperaturkesseln (1957)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 8 (1957), S. 587-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion in High-Temperature-BoilersExperiences with corrosion of highly heat resisting steels in high temperature boilers in Germany are discussed by means of the working 600° boilers after 40 000 h of operation. Steam scalling in pure steam is very low. As soon as steam will be solid noticeably corrosive attacks will become dangerous. According to the high standard to water treatment such effects could be prevented so that damages caused by the water must be considered unusual.Damages caused by smoke occured as soon as the flying ashes contained alkali sulfates. The area of damage will be there where a eutectic mixture of sulfates could melt. There are some measures how to prevent this corrosion.Steels containing vanadium may not be used above 600°C as vanadium scaling might occur which was learnt in burning oils containing vanadium.
    Notes: Die Erfahrungen über das Korrosionsverhalten der hochwarmfesten Stähle in Hochtemperaturkesseln werden in Deutschland an Hand der im Betriebe befindliche 600°-Kessel nach rd. 40 000-stündiger Betriebszeit besprochen. Die Dampfzunderung in reinem Dampf ist gering. Gefahren treten erst auf, sobald der Dampf merkbar verunreinigt ist. dieses läß sich bei dem heutigen hohen Stande der Wasseraufbereitung vermeiden, so daß Korrosionsschäden von der Wasserseite her als ungewöhnlich zu betrachten sind.Schäden von der Rauchgasseite her sind bekannt geworden, sobald in der Flugasche Alkalisulfate vorkommen. Der Schadensbereich liegt in erster Linie dort, wo ein Eutektikum der Sulfate zu schmelzen vermag. Es werden Wege angegeben, wie diese Korrosion zu vermeiden ist.Vanadinhaltige Stäle scheiden für Temperaturen oberhalb 600° aus, da dann dieselbe Vanadinzunderung auftreten kann, welche von der Verfeuerung vanadinhaltiger Öle her bekannt ist.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19570081005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wechselwirkungen zwischen Klärschlammpartikeln und Polyelektrolyten (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 980-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330680819
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyansäureester, XIX. Über die Elektronenstrukturen von Arylcyanaten, Arylthio- und Arylselenocyanaten (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2508-2519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Von Phenylcyanat und einigen p-substituierten Arylcyanaten wurden die Dipolmomente bestimmt und nach dem LCAO-MO-Verfahren die Doppelbindungsgrade, π-Elektronendichten und freien Valenzen berechnet. Die Substituentenkonstanten der OCN-Gruppe wurden aus der chemischen Verschiebung der 19F-Resonanzsignale von p- und m-Fluor-phenylcyanat gegenüber Fluorbenzol und aus den integralen Intensitäten der νC=C-Aromatenbanden des Phenylcyanats zu σI = +0.75 ± 0.04 und σR0 = -0.27 ± 0.07 ermittelt. Die aus den Ergebnissen abgeleiteten Schlußfolgerungen lassen Angaben über das elektronische Verhalten von Atomen der 6. Hauptgruppe zu, die von einem Aromaten und einer Nitrilgruppe flankiert sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020804
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