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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo recovery of mechanical properties in rat skin after repeated strain (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 484-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mechanical properties ; Repeated strain in vivo ; Time dependence of recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new method was developed to study the in vivo recovery of mechanical properties of rat skin after repeated strain. Full recovery, i.e., restitutio ad integrum, can be observed only in in vivo experiments but not in in vitro conditions. For the in vivo studies, tabs were fastened on the back skin of rats to test stress-strain behaviour both perpendicular and longitudinal to the body axis. Under anesthesia, skin was extended repeatedly 30 times to an elongation of up to 50% of the distance between the tabs. The experiment was repeated in the same animals at either 0.5, 1, 6, or 16 h. Differences depending on the direction of stretching versus body axis were observed during the first run. A decrease in stress values depending on the logarithm of the number of cycles was found, in both directions, to be attributable to the relaxation phenomenon. The measured stress values after 0.5, 1, and 6 h were considerably lower compared to the first run, thus indicating an incomplete recovery. After 16 h, an almost complete recovery was observed, so that, in perpendicular samples, even higher values were observed, thus indicating an overshooting of the repair mechanisms. The difficulties associated with obtaining appropriate physical and mathematical models for the mechanical properties of skin are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00510067
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanische Eigenschaften der Haut (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cutis ; Corium ; Epidermis ; Mechanical properties ; In vivo ; In vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600146
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of repeated ultraviolet irradiation on skin of hairless mice (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 262 (1978), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Repeated UV-irradiation ; Skin ; Hairless mouse ; Mechanical properties ; Collagen ; Elastin ; Wiederholte UV-Bestrahlung ; Haut ; Haarlose Maus ; Mechanische Eigenschaften ; Collagen ; Elastin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An der Haut von haarlosen Mäusen wurde die Wirkung von wiederholter UV-Bestrahlung auf mechanische und biochemische Parameter untersucht. Eine tägliche UV-A-Bestrahlung über 1 h während 8 Wochen verursachte nur eine leichte Zunahme der Hautdicke und eine Abnahme der Dehnung beim Abriß. Nach UV-B- bzw. UV-C-Bestrahlung waren die Veränderungen jedoch sehr viel drastischer. In diesen Untersuchungsreihen wurden die Mäuse mit einer UV-Lampe im Abstand von 17 cm bestrahlt, so daß die Bestrahlungsintensität 20 mW/cm2 UV-B und-A und 14 mW/cm2 UV-C betrug. Über 1–6 Wochen wurden verschiedene Tiergruppen täglich 15–90 s exponiert. Die Reißkraft, die Reißfestigkeit und der Elastizitätsmodul zeigten nach mittleren Strahlendosen nach 1–2 Wochen eine Zunahme, jedoch nach hohen Strahlendosen und langdauernder Behandlung eine Abnahme. Die Dehnung beim Abriß war der empfindlichste Parameter insofern, als er in Abhängigkeit von Expositionszeit und Behandlungsdauer abnahm. Der Gehalt an unlöslichem Kollagen und Gesamtkollagen war nach langdauernder Behandlung vermindert und demnach mit den mechanischen Parametern korreliert. Der Elastin-Gehalt wurde nur gering beeinflußt und war somit mit den mechanischen Meßwerten nicht korreliert. In diesen Experimenten konnte ein günstiger Effekt einer kurzdauernden Behandlung mit niedrigen UV-Bestrahlungsdosen auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Haut gezeigt werden. Eine langdauernde Behandlung mit hohen Dosen von UV-B bewirkte jedoch ungünstige Effekte, wobei hauptsächlich die Dehnung beim Abriß, aber auch die Reißfestigkeit und der Elastizitätsmodul vermindert waren.
    Notes: Summary The effect of repeated UV-irradiation on mechanical and biochemical parameters was studied in skin of hairless mice. UV-A irradiation for a period of 1 h daily over 8 weeks caused only a slight increase in skin thickness and a decrease in ultimate strain. The changes induced by UV-B and C, however, were quite remarkable. Skin thickness was increased depending on the daily dose exposure time (15–90 s at an irradiation rate of 20 mW/cm2 UV-B and A and of 14 mW/cm2 UV-C) and the duration of treatment (1–6 weeks). Ultimated load, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity showed an increase following medium dosages after 1 and 2 weeks, however, a decrease after high dosages and longterm treatment. Ultimate strain was found to be the most sensitive parameter being decreased depending on exposure time and duration of treatment. Insoluble collagen and total collagen were decreased after long-term treatment thus being correlated with the mechanical parameters. The elastin content was only barely influenced and not correlated with the mechanical data, e.g. the modulus of elasticity. Thus, a favourable effect of short-term treatment with low doses of UV-irradiation of mechanical parameters of skin could be demonstrated. Long-term treatment with relatively high doses of UV-B, however, resulted in unfavourable effects, whereby first ultimate strain, then ultimate load, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength were decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455569
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet des säurefesten Steinzeugs (1954)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Progress in the Manufacture of Acidresistant StonewareOne of the distinguishing features of stoneware is its resistance to chemical action and its outstanding mechanical properties. These qualities permitted the development of stoneware to keep pace with that of the chemical industry.The article describes further progress in the field of acid-resistant stoneware. Particular emphasis is laid on the development of special mixtures having great powers of resistance to temperature changes, at the same time retaining their excellent heat-conducting properties. Improvements in the mechanical working of stoneware are also discussed.The mechanical working of stoneware by grinding, polishing and threading has been brought to the point where the accuracy and finish of the work is equivalent to that obtaining in metal working practice. A new field of application of stoneware was thereby opened. The production of air and dust locks for use in installation working with ultrafine abrasive dust particles is an example. Stoneware rollers having precision ground surfaces are used in various industries. Ground, polished and threaded stoneware components enable many improvements and simplifications to be made in the design of machinery and equipment for the chemical industry.
    Notes: Kennzeichnend für den Werkstoff Steinzeug sind seine Beständigkeit gegenüber chemischer Korrosion und seine ausgezeichneten mechanischen Eigenschaften. Beides waren die Voraussetzungen, um mit der Entwicklung der chemischen Großindustrie Schritt halten zu können.In der Abhandlung werden weitere Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet des säurefesten Steinzeug besprochen. Diese werden besonders deutlich durch Entwicklung von temperaturwechselbeständigen und wärmeleitfähigen Spezialmassen und durch Verbesserung der Nachbearbeitungsmethoden.Die mechanische Bearbeitung von Steinzeug durch Schleifen, Polieren und Gewindeschneiden wurde so weit entwickelt, daß eine Vergütung und Maßgenauigkeit möglich ist, wie in der Metallindustrie. Dadurch wurden dem Steinzeug neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erschlossen. Beispielsweise werden Staubschleusen zur Förderung von feinsten aggressiven Staubteilchen hergestellt. Steinzeugwalzen mit präzisem Schliff der Oberfläche finden in verschiedenen Industriezweigen Verwendung. Geschliffene, polierte und mit Gewinde versehene Steinzeugteile brachten Vereinfachungen und Verbesserungen im Steinzeugmaschinen- und Apparatebau.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19540050202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Reaktionstechnik. Von M. Baerns, H. Hofmann und A. Renken. George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1992. 428 S., mit 215 Abb. und 41 Tab., geb., DM 80,-. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 977-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330660727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin. I. Influence of solvent and particle size on the dielectric dispersion (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 963-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dielectric dispersion measurements with aqueous solutions of hemoglobin and myoglobin have been performed in the frequency range from 100 kcps to 15 Mcps. The influence of preparation, particle size, and solvent conditions was studied. The results are analyzed in terms of an orientational polarization mechanism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1969.360070611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in aqueous solution at microwave frequencies (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 6 (1968), S. 1705-1715 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex dielectric constant of aqueous hemoglobin solution was measured at 9.5 GHz. A microwave technique allowing phase and attenuation settings with an accuracy of 0.3° and 0.03 db was used. The shift of the relaxation wavelength and the hydration values of horse hemoglobin were determined for native and lyophilized hemoglobin solution and erythrocytes suspensions as well. The isotope effect of light and heavy water on these parameters was detected. The influence of buffers was studied. Relative measurements, with the sensitivity increased by a factor of 20, were made with alternating oxygenated and deoxygenated human hemoglobin solutions. The oxygenation of hemoglobin was found to leave the hydrated molecule volume invariant within ±250 Å3, while a shift of the relaxation wavelength of 0.0025 ± 0.0015 cm occurs for a hemoglobin concentration of 107 g/l. The results are discussed in terms of the structure and function interrelationship of hemoglobin and the current picture of water structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1968.360061205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das Anlagerungsvermögen von Salicylaldehydiminokomplexen des Nickels und Kupfers. II (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 388 (1972), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A lot of nickel and copper complexes of Schiff bases were prepared and investigated for their solubility behaviour. Amine components and aldehyde components used see „Inhaltsübersicht„.As far as investigated, the solubility of those compounds containing 4. and 5. is poor in most solvents, but it is better in pyridine. N.N′-pentamethylene-bis(salicylideneiminato)-nickel(II) is trimeric in pyridine. The copper and nickel salts containing the bulky amines 7.,8. and 9. are oligomeric (n = 2 to n = 5) in bromoform and pyridine. The salts containing 11. are monomeric in pyridine. With Stuart models it is possible to construct dimers containing 7. and 9. as amine components having square planar configuration around the metal atom. With strongly distorted tetrahedral configuration it is possible to obtain monomers. With 17., completely insoluble high polymeric compounds were obtained, whereas with 12. oligomers are found.
    Notes: Es wurde eine große Anzahl von Ni- und Cu-Komplexen mit Schiffschen Basen dargestellt und auf ihr Lösungsverhalten untersucht. Als Aminkomponenten dienten: 1. bis 5. H2N · (CH2)xNH2 mit x = 2 bis 6, 6. 1,8-Diaminonaphthalin, 7. 1-Amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan, 8. 1,4-Bis-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexan, 9. 1,6-Diamino-2,4,4-trimethylhexan, 10. 1,5-Diamino-diäthylen-amin, 11. 1,7-Diamino-dipropylen-amin und 12. 4,4′-Diamino-diphenyl-methan, -amin, -sulfid und -äther. Als Aldehydkomponenten wurden verwendet: 13. Salicylaldehyd, 14. 5-Brom-Salicylaldehyd, 15. β-Resorcylaldehyd, 16. 2-Hydroxy-naphthaldehyd und 17. 5,5′-Methylen-bis-(Salicylaldehyd).Soweit untersucht, ist die Löslichkeit der Verbindungen mit 4. und 5. meist schlecht, in Pyridin aber besser. Bis-(Salicylaldehyd)-Ni(II)-1,5-diimino-pentan ist in Pyridin trimer. Die Cu- und Ni-Salze mit den sperrigen Diaminen 7., 8. und 9. sind in Bromoform und Pyridin oligomer (2 bis 5), mit 11. wird in Pyridin das Monomere gefunden. Mit Stuart-Kalotten lassen sich Dimere mit 7. und 9. als Aminkomponente bei planquadratischer Konfiguration um das Metallatom aufbauen, bei stark tetraederförmig verzerrter Konfiguration sind sogar bei 7. Monomere möglich. 17. führt stets zu völlig unlöslichen hochpolymeren Verbindungen, wohingegen 12. häufig zu oligomer löslichen Komplexen führt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19723880204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbocyclen durch Hofmann-AbbauProf. Dr. Dr. med. h. c. F. v. Bruchhausen zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1956)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 68 (1956), S. 617-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19560681911
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxid-initiierte Anlagerung von Methantricarbonsäuretrialkylestern an α-Olefine (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 595-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781118
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