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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Quality of life research 3 (1994), S. 245-256 
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Constructs ; COPD ; domains ; validation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Health-related quality of life (QoL) questionnaires are commonly developed as content valid instruments with conventionally defined domain subscales. We contrasted content valid domain subscales with construct valid construct subscales and developed a 13-domain QoL questionnaire, the Breathing Problems Questionnaire (BPQ), for patients with chronic bronchitis. In a series of studies, we examined the constructs relevant to COPD patients' experience of health. First, we provided psychometric evidence that items in the BPQ form two distinct groups: functional problems and negative evaluations. Second, we showed that problems were significantly more correlated with morbidity whereas negative evaluations were significantly more correlated with neuroticism. Third, we showed that negative evaluations correlated with neuroticism whereas positive evaluations (measured by the Satisfaction with Illness Scale) correlated with extraversion. Patients are more likely to make positive evaluations of their Illness when they recognize that they are seriously ill. Most of the BPQ domains are subcategories of the construct of problems: both domains and construct classifications provide useful information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Constructs ; domains ; health ; salmeterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The quality of life (QOL) benefits of salmeterol versus placebo were compared in a double-blind, multicentre study using the Living with Asthma Questionnaire (LWAQ) which was scored in three different ways. First, the overall LWAQ score showed that salmeterol enhanced QOL compared to placebo. Second, when the LWAQ was analysed in terms of its two construct subscales we found, as predicted previously, that the Problem construct was more sensitive to longitudinal change compared with the Evaluation construct. Third, when the LWAQ was analysed in terms of its 11 domain subscales we found a significant improvement for salmeterol compared with placebo on three domains, Sport, Sleep, and Work and other activities. Analysing clinical trial results in terms of construct subscales and domain subscales provides different kinds of information each of which is useful. Analysis in terms of overall QOL scores is less informative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the smelting of aluminium, HF fumes are produced that are subsequently trapped by absorption onto alumina. The factors that affect the adsorption capacity of alumina have been studied previously and are well established, but the mechanism by which HF adsorbs onto the alumina surface is not well understood.In this study, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the nature of the surface adsorption of HF on alumina. XPS is particularly well suited to the study of this type of gas adsorption process.Laboratory-prepared samples were studied with particular interest in evidence for Al—F bonding, or in fluoride species formed by reaction with —OH or —O. Also of interest was the role of sodium, since it is segregated to the surface of the alumina during calcination.Al—F bonding was observed on only one sample type. An Al—F interaction was identified when the alumina had been predried and dry HF was absorbed. When moisture was present no AlF3 formation was observed. This suggests that under conventional conditions (i.e. moisture present) the adsorption of HF involves a weak interaction, probably hydrogen bonding, with intermediate layers of water. After heating the samples containing weakly bound HF to 500°C, no Al—F interaction was observed. Much of the HF was desorbed at 700°C.An Na-F interaction was observed in all fluoride-adsorbed samples; however, this can only account for a small proportion of the total fluoride adsorbed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 443-444 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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