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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sulphinpyrazone ; metabolism ; single dose ; chronic treatment ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of sulphinpyrazone and its major metabolites (sulfide, sulfone, p-hydroxysulfone and p-hydroxy-sulphinpyrazone) were investigated in 9 volunteers after a single oral dose as well as after chronic treatment for 23 days. Chronic administration of sulphinpyrazone, in comparison with a single oral dose, led to significant changes in plasma AUC (115.86 to 42.90 mg/l·h), in renal clearance (1.06 to 1.80l/h), in hepatic intrinsic clearance (319.0 to 598.0l/h), and in the unbound fraction in plasma 1.15 to 1.69%) and in tissue (2.73 to 1.31%). The volume of distribution changed from 20.24 to 52.041. The steady state concentrations predicted from the single dose were significantly higher than the values found after chronic treatment. The results suggest that sulphinpyrazone induces its own metabolism. The metabolism of the sulfone, p-hydroxysulfone and the p-hydroxy-sulphinpyrazone to further degradation products was also induced. Chronic treatment with sulphinpyrazone reduced the plasma AUC of the sulfide and caused a decrease in its elimination half-life (20.9 to 14.3 h). Since considerable amounts of the sulfide are formed in the G.I. tract, it is suggested that besides the induction of metabolism, bacteria which reduce sulphinpyrazone to the sulfide may also be responsible for the observed pharmacokinetic changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 485-489 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; erythromycin ; interaction ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 11 healthy volunteers the kinetics of theophylline and the plasma levels and the urinary excretion of its metabolites were studied before and after treatment with erythromycin for 10 days. Theophylline was administered as an intravenous bolus injection (280 mg) followed by a constant intravenous infusion (23.8±4.1 mg/h) for 6 hours. The total clearance of theophylline at steady-state (63.4±9.9 vs 63.8±14.4 ml/min, before vs after erythromycin treatment) and the elimination half-life after cessation of the infusion (6.7±2.6 vs 7.5±1.8 h, before vs after treatment) did not change during the treatment with erythromycin. No difference in the formation of metabolites before and after treatment with erythromycin was detected; the findings in urine were 40.4±5.0 vs 42.1±5.4% 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 29.6±4.6 vs 30.1±5.9% 1-methyluric acid and 13.4±3.5 vs 12.5±2.2% 3-methylxanthine before and after erythromycin treatment, respectively. It is concluded that a clinically relevant interaction between erythromycin and theophylline does not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 577-581 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Benzbromarone ; elimination phenotypes ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following oral administration of the uricosuric drug benzbromarone two major metabolites appear in the circulation, 1'-hydroxy-benzbromarone (M1), and a second product (M2) of unknown structure. The plasma concentrations of the parent drug and of M1 and M2 have now been compared in two different elimination phenotypes, 10 subjects who eliminated the drug rapidly (S1–10) and one individual (S11) whose elimination capacity was impaired, presumably due to genetic variation (S11). The AUC (0–96) of the parent drug in S11 was 145 gmg · ml−1 h, and in the other individuals it averaged 18.3 (11.4–24.5) μg · ml−1 h. The plasma elimination half life of benzbromarone was 3.34 (1.77–5.24) h in the rapid eliminators, and 13.08 h in the subject with the elimination defect. The mean plasma elimination half life of the metabolites in S1–10 amounted to 20.1 (11.9–41.2) h for M1, and 17.2 (12.9–30.7) h for M2. In S11 the plasma elimination half life of M1 was prolonged to 76.6 h, and of M2 to 75.4 h. Thus, the elimination defect in S11 was not restricted to the parent drug, but it also involved the two major metabolites M1 and M2. This might be a consequence of a hepatic enzyme deficiency, or be due to impairment of drug excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 479-486 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cleavage of Z-Group and Formation of Hydantoine during Saponification of Z-Peptide EstersIn the course of alkaline decomposition of the tetrapeptide ester Z-Arg(NO2)-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe one gets a high output of a by-product. the latter was isolated and identified by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy to be the hydantoine derivative arising from a loss of Z-group and from a cyclisation. A possibility to suppress the undesired side-reaction by addition of benzylalcohol is proposed resulting from the discussion of a probable mechanism of reaction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 272 (1953), S. 288-296 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In Analogie zum hoch- und niedermolekularen Selen wird die Ringstruktur der Molekeln in entsprechenden Formen des Schwefels diskutiert und experimentell begründet. Ringaufsprengungen werden erleichtert durch die Gegenwart von Schwefelionen und basischen Aminen, so daß diese in der Lage sind, die Umwandlungen zwischen hoch und niedermolekularen Phasen zu katalysieren. Ebenso aktivieren sie Schwefel bei chemischen Reaktionen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 338 (1965), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chromium oxide doted aluminium silicate catalysts, used in the polyethylene synthesis by the Phillips process, can be prepared in efficient form only by adsorption of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) compounds in aqueous acid medium. During drying in air at elevated temperatures, change of the chromium compound occurs („activition“), and a surface compound of oxidation number + 5.6 ± 0.2 is formed which is soluble in acid. Another part of chromium is insoluble and in the +3 state. The atomic ratio of these parts, which gives the overall oxidation number of the contact, and its dependence on the Cr concentration, temperature, oxygen pressure, and activitation time is investigated.
    Notes: Bei der Darstellung der chromoxidhaltigen Aluminiumsilicat-Katalysatoren für die Polyäthylen-Synthese nach dem Phillips-Verfahren führt nur die adsorptive Dotierung mit Cr(III)- oder Cr(VI)-Verbindungen in saurem, wäßrigem Medium zu brauchbaren Kontakten. Während der erforderlichen Trocknung der Produkte an Luft bei höheren Temperaturen tritt eine Veränderung der aufgebrachten Chromverbindung ein („Aktivierung“); es bildet sich eine säurelösliche Oberflächen-Spezies der Oxydationszahl 5,6 ± 0,2 sowie säureunlösliches Cr(III). Das Mengenverhältnis dieser beiden Bestandteile, das die Gesamt-Oxydationszahl des Kontakts bestimmt, wird in Abhängigkeit von der Chrom-Konzentration, sowie von Temperatur, O2-Druck und Dauer der Aktivierung untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Alkylquinoline-8-ol Extractants and their Cu(II)-, Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-ComplexesA series of deprotonizable chelating agents HL being characteristic of 2-, 5- and 7-alkyl substituted 8-hydroxyquinolines or 5- and 7-alkyl substituted 8-hydroxyquinaldines of different alkyl chain length, H1-H5, and their Cu(II)-, Zn(II)- und Cd(II)-complexes, M(1)2-M(5)2, have been synthesized. Influences of the alkyl groups, including substituent effects on the spectroscopic properties (MS, IR, UV-VIS, 1H und 13C NMR) of the free ligands and its complexes are studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 235-243 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Macrocyclic Hosts for the Inclusion of Organic Guest Molecules - Crystal Structure of a Complex with Dimethylformamide (1 : 1)New pyridino crowns with amide and sulfonamide groups 1b and 1c are synthesized. They form numerous stoichiometric crystalline inclusion complexes with alcohols, various dipolar-aprotic solvents, as well as cyclic ethers. Host-guest stoichiometries are discussed and inclusion selectivities (relating to DMF) are shown. The structure of the crystalline DMF inclusion compound of the sulfonamide host 1c (1 : 1) is determined by X-ray diffraction, showing a lattice void inclusion mode.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 451-455 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New crown compounds 3-5 comprising beside ophenylene groups 1,8-naphthyridine or 4-pyridone groups as characteristic building units are synthesized. They form numerous stoichiometric crystalline complexes with uncharged organic molecules including alcohols, nitro compounds and other dipolar-aprotic solvents, as well as cyclic ethers and aromatic hydrocarbons. Properties of complex formation and host-guest stoichiometries are discussed making a comparison with parent host analogues.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 338 (1996), S. 553-557 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Biphenyls having two hydroxy containing benzo condensed oligocyclic substituents in positions 2,2′ were synthesized to yield the crowded diols 5 - 10. These compounds proved successful clathrate hosts. Crystalline inclusion formation is reported and discussed with reference to structural parameters of the host molecules covering the bis-fluorenol analogous host compounds 1-4.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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