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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Angiotensin II ; Valsartan; AT1 receptor antagonist ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; renin-angiotensin system ; blood pressure ; passive tilting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic effects and tolerability of 200 mg valsartan, once-daily for 8 days, were investigated in 16 healthy, normotensive volunteers on a normal sodium diet. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study. Drug concentrations in plasma and urine, angiotensin II (Ang II) concentrations in plasma, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR) in the supine position and 3 min after passive head-up tilting, as well as safety parameters (ECG, clinical chemistry and hematology, renal water and electrolyte excretion) were measured over 24 h after the first dose (day 1) and at steady state on day 8. Results: Absorption and distribution of valsartan were rapid (Cmax, 2 h; t½λ1 〈 1 h), followed by a slower terminal elimination phase (t½λ2, 6 h) on days 1 and 8, with little accumulation in plasma (increase of 20% on day 8). Less than 10% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine. The increase in plasma Ang II (Cmax, 6 h) was significantly enhanced at steady state. Supine SBP and DBP significantly decreased on day 8 only, by an average of −3.6 and −2.4 mmHg, respectively, versus placebo, without a concomitant increase in HR. Upon passive tilting, the increase in DBP, normally reinforced by sympathetic renin release, was slightly but significantly blunted on day 1 (−2.0 mmHg) and day 8 (−4.0 mmHg) of treatment with valsartan versus placebo. The orthostatic reflex increase in HR was slightly enhanced compared with placebo by an average of 2.8 beats · min−1 on day 1 and by 2.9 beats · min−1 on day 8. Valsartan was well tolerated and had no influence on ECG, clinical laboratory parameters, and water, electrolyte and uric acid excretion. Conclusions: Pharmacokinetics of valsartan are unchanged after multiple once-daily dosing, with little (expected) accumulation in plasma. Effects of 200 mg valsartan on blood pressure in healthy subjects on a normal sodium intake are small and become more prominent after repeated dosing. Indirect evidence of AT1 blockade by valsartan is demonstrated by an increase of plasma Ang II and by a blunted DBP response to passive tilting. The decrease in blood pressure at steady state enhances the increase in plasma Ang II. Valsartan is well tolerated and is devoid of effects on water, electrolyte and uric acid excretion at 200 mg per day in healthy normotensive volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 327-330 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Hormone replacement therapy; estradiol ; pharmacokinetics ; bioequivalence ; postmenopausal volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Bioavailability of estradiol delivered from a newly developed matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system (MTTS) was compared with that of the conventional reservoir-type system (RTTS). Both formulations have a nominal delivery rate of 50 μg per day of 17β-estradiol (E2). Plasma concentrations of E2 and estrone (E1) were determined at steady state during a 96-h application of each formulation to 34 postmenopausal volunteers, using a two-stage randomized two-period crossover design. Results: The MTTS proved to be equivalent to the RTTS with respect to the extent of E2 absorption. Due to differences in patch design and composition, the rate of absorption was different between the two systems, with less fluctuating E2 plasma levels during application of the matrix system. Local tolerability and adhesion of MTTS appeared to be better than those of the reservoir system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 16 (1992), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: aditoprim ; age ; bioavailability ; intestinal absorption ; pharmacokinetics ; pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some pharmacokinetic parameters of aditoprim were determined in 3- and 6-month-old pigs. After intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg body weight, the mean total body clearance of the older pigs was smaller than that of the younger pigs. This difference was not reflected in the elimination half-life. After oral administration of 5 mg/kg body weight, the mean absorption rate constant was smaller and the mean absorption half-life was longer in the older pigs. The age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of aditoprim were not sufficiently pronounced to suggest the necessity of modifying the oral dosage regimen in pigs of this age range. The favourable pharmacokinetics of aditoprim in pigs (large apparent volume of distribution, long elimination half-life and high bioavailability) may permit introduction of this drug into swine practice, after safety and residue depletion studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Product demands for polypropylene polymers cover a wide range of properties. Metallocene catalysts open up the way to influence the molecular properties of polypropylene by altering the ligand system of the metallocene complexes. This leads to new products with application properties which are not available with conventional catalysts. Concepts are presented to adapt metallocenes to modern, industrial polymerization processes. Some examples illustrate the particular advantages of this new generation of catalysts.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 21 (1938), S. 1699-1705 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 27 (1944), S. 892-928 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 18 (1987), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Drilling of Short-Fiber-Reinforced AluminiumThe new material-group of fiberreinforced metals requires a specific cutting technology because of the extreme abrasion of the used fibers. For these first fundamental drilling-tests a composite of aluminium matrix and short nondirectional Al2O3-fibers was used. Neither in regard to the cutting forces nor to the drilling-quality there were any difficulties found. As far as boring roughness and -diameter is concerned the results are better than for not reinforced aluminium. Main problem is the tool wear that already increases at small contents of fibers. Using coolant a further increase of tool wear was found. Decisive improvements were achieved by taking polycristalline diamond tipped drills that had an 50 to 100 times longer tool life compared with the carbide drills.
    Notes: Faserverstärkte Metalle stellen eine junge Werkstoffgruppe dar, deren Bearbeitung aufgrund der außerordentlich hohen Abrasivität der verwendeten Verstärkungsfasern einer spezifischen Technologie bedarf. Erste grundlegende Untersuchungen hierzu wurden beim Bohren von Aluminium mit ungerichteten Al2O3-Kurzfasern durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, daß weder in bezug auf die Bearbeitungskräfte noch auf die Bohrungsqualität Probleme auftreten. Vielmehr lassen sich teilweise bessere Bearbeitungsergebnisse als bei unverstärktem Material erzielen. Das zentrale Problem liegt im Werkzeugverschleiß, der bereits bei geringen Faseranteilen stark anwächst. Unter Einsatz von Kühlschmiermittel trat eine weitere Erhöhung des Verschleißes auf. Entscheidende Verbesserungen zeigen PKD-bestückte Bohrer, die 50 bis 100fache Standzeiten gegenüber den Hartmetall-Werkzeugen aufwiesen.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 56 (1943), S. 218-218 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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