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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 949-954 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission Móssbauer spectra of binary coprecipitated nickel(II)-iron(III) hydroxides (molar ratios 9:1 and 4:1) are analysed and compared with the results of AES analyses of their surface composition. A correlation between the data of the above techniques has been noted, indicating a redistribution of the components (i.e. Ni and Fe) in the surface layers, the latter being enriched with iron(III) as compared to the bulk. The results obtained are in good agreement with an excellent electrocatalytic activity of composite Ni-Fe hydroxide systems towards anodic oxygen evolution in alkaline electrolytes, taking into account a distinctly exhibited ‘surface’ electrocatalytic effect of ferric species on the nickel hydroxide electrode in the anodic oxygen evolution process revealed previously. Transmission Móssbauer spectroscopy has been shown to be a highly effective probe sensitive both to various bulk and surface effects related to the solid phases studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 13 (1992), S. 120-131 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein folding ; α-helix ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A computational study of the role of all ionizable groups of the C-peptide in its helix-coil transition is performed within the framework of continuum electrostatics. The method employed in our computations involves a numeric solution of the Poisson equation with the Boundary Element Method. Our calculations correctly predict the experimentally observed trends in the helix-coil equilibrium of the C-peptide, and suggest that the mechanisms involved are more complex than usually presumed in the literature. Our results suggest that electrostatic interactions in the unfolded conformation are often more important than in the helix, total electrostatic contribution to the helix-coil transition due to the side chains of the C-peptide destabilizes the helix, changes in the helix stability produced by the changes in the ionization state of the side chains are dominated by side chain effects, the effect of the helix dipole on the energetics of the helix-coil transition of the C-peptide is either minor or similar to other contributions in magnitude; while the formation of a salt bridge is electrostatically favorable, formation of the hydrogen bond between a charged and a polar side chains is not. Factors limiting the accuracy of the computations are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: liposomes ; phospholipids ; surfactants ; vesicles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combination of electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, conductometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to investigate vesicles (both in the “solid” and “liquid” states) that had been imparted with electric charge through the incorporation of ionic amphiphiles. These amphiphilic compounds comprised cardiolipin (with two negative charges), sodium dodecyl sulfate (with one negative charge), and cetylpyridinium bromide (with one positive charge). By this means it was discovered that negative vesicles could be converted into neutral vesicles, and then into positive vesicles, by the addition of a cationic surfactant. The amount of cationic surfactant required for the conversion depended upon the mobility of the surfactant within the bilayer. Vesicles were found to be capable of absorbing large amounts of surfactant, both cationic and anionic, before ultimately disintegrating and releasing their contents. Mixtures of cationic and anionic vesicles were able to exchange surfactant, and thereby neutralize each other's charges, without any concurrent vesicle fusion. This phenomenon is reliable only if the vesicles are in the liquid state. Finally, a biphasic exchange process was observed in which a surfactant rapidly departs from one bilayer and then enters another, while a fluorescently labeled lipid travels the reverse path only slowly.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 30-34 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Collision-induced dissociation of peptide ions yields „sequence“ ions arising from dissociations of the peptide backbone. Recently, Biemann and his collaborators have elucidated fragment ions involving cleavage of all or part of the side-chains, and have characterized them as remote-site fragmentations of the type investigated for other molecular species by Gross et al. The present work reports results of experiments conducted using a tandem, hybrid mass spectrometer, and devoted to investigating whether remote-site fragmentations (including side-chain cleavages for peptide ions) can be observed for collision energies substantially lower than the keV range used previously. It was found that (laboratory-frame) collision energies of at least 200 eV, and preferably greater, are required for the formation of such fragments. At collision energies in this range the transmission efficiency of the qQ assembly is much lower than for the more usual range of a few tens of eV; this drop in transmission efficiency becomes increasingly severe with increasing mass of the precursor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of Cs4I3+ to form Cs3I2+ has been investigated by mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy, When helium was used as collision gas the CID process was accompanied by sizable loss of translational energy in the collisional-activation step. However, use of krypton or xenon as collision gas yielded product ions with translational energies higher than that observed for unimolecular reaction in the absence of collision gas. Neon and argon provided intermediate behaviour. Extensive experiments designed to investigate possible explanations for these observations left superelastic collisions of an excited state as the only possibility. Since nothing is known about the structures and electronic states of species like Cs4I3+, the necessarily speculative discussion is based upon general considerations of coupling of translational and electronic energies via crossings between states of the transitory collision complex. These observations emphasise the complexity of the possible processes which can occur as a result of collisions in the keV range.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 364-372 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments using RF-only quadrupole collision cells normally employ laboratory-frame collision energies Elab of a few tens of eV. Difficulties in inducing CID reactions for larger precursors (〉 600-800 Da) can be attributed in part to collision energies, in the appropriate centre-of-mass reference frame, which are too low. Attempts to overcome this problem by using values of Elab in the range of a few hundreds of eV have been largely unsuccessful. The present work shows that a major reason for this lack of success has been an inability of the instruments used to fulfil the focusing requirements of an RF-only quadrupole cell for such precursors, and their higher mass fragments, in this range of values for Elab. A simple modification permitting use of much higher values of the RF amplitude has been shown to permit the collision cell to be operated so that the ion-beam profile at the entrance aperture is imaged at the exit; improvements in precursor transmission efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude are thus obtainable. Examples of corresponding improvements in fragment-ion spectra of a test octapeptide are also demonstrated. The principal drawback of this approach concerns the poor transmission for low-mass fragments near the stability cut-off (Mathieu parameter qu 〉 0.91); reasons for the non-zero transmission efficiency for fragments with qu 〉 0.91 are discussed, together with methods for alleviating the low-mass transmission problem.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioselectivity ; mixed-ligand copper complexes ; formation constants ; amino acids ; 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds ; circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of individual mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, (1S)- or (1R)-3-hydroxymethylene camphor, (1S)-3-trifluoroacetyl camphor, or (1R)-2-hydroxymethylene menthone, and α-amino acids, alanine, valine, proline, or their N-alkyl derivatives, were calculated from CD spectra of equilibrium solutions containing the above constituents in methanol or ethylene dichloride. Diastereomeric mixed-ligand complexes incorporating identical dicarbonyl but enantiomeric N-alkyl-α-amino acid ligands exhibit quasi-enantiomeric CD spectra. Unsubstituted amino acids, on the contrary, will make no decisive contributions to the net optical activity spectrum of the mixed-ligand complexes. Formation constants of diastereomeric mixed-ligand complexes have been calculated from data on disproportionation of the latter into corresponding equally paired complexes. Enantioselectivity was demonstrated to amount to up to 700 cal/mol. Possible steric structures of mixed-ligand complexes are discussed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of butadiene and isoprene initiated by the hydrocarbon-soluble mixture 2-ethylhexyllithium/2-ethylhexylsodium in toluene was studied. The components of the initiator when taken separately give rise to polymers greatly different in both their molecular weight and microstructure: living polydienes with high 1,4-unit content are formed when alkyllithium is used while organosodium initiators produce polymers of high 1,2(3,4)-structure and of low molecular weight due to strong chain transfer to toluene. Polymers obtained with mixed initiators were found to have the same structure as the “sodium” ones, while their molecular weights are either the same as those of the polymers obtained with alkyllithium alone (in the case of butadiene) or decrease gradually with increase of sodium content in the initiator (in the case of isoprene). The calculations performed show that the simple scheme assuming chain propagation through individual lithium and sodium active centres and fast exchange of counter-ions between them cannot explain the results obtained. It is suggested that the true active centres in mixed systems are bimetallic complexes containing both sodium and lithium atoms simultaneously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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