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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reactions of poly(vinyl pyridine)s with epoxy compounds (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 142 (1986), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktion zwischen Polyvinylpyridinen und Epoxyverbindungen wurde sowohl in homogenen Lösungen als auch im festen Zustand mit Hilfe der Fourier-Transform-Infrarotspektroskopie und anderer Techniken untersucht. Es wurde beobachtet, daß die Pyridinseitengruppe mit den Epoxygruppen unter Bildung von Netzwerken, die Pyridon- und cyclische Amidstrukturen enthalten, reagiert. Diese Reaktion wurde ebenso in der Grenzflächenregion zwischen Polyvinylpyridin und Überzügen aus γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilanhydrolysat auf Poly(ethylenterephthalat)-Fasern beobachtet.
    Notes: Chemical reactions of poly(vinyl pyridine)s and epoxy compounds were studied both in homogeneous solution and in solid state by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and other techniques. The pyridine side group was found to react with the epoxy group, forming networks which contain pyridone and cyclic amide structures. This reaction was observed also in the interfacial region of poly(vinyl pyridine) and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane hydrolyzate coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber substrates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051420102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reactions in the bulk of the epoxy-functional silane hydrolyzate (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 140 (1986), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die chemischen Reaktionen im Hydrolysat von epoxy-funktionalisierten Silanen wurden mit Hilfe der Fourier-Transform-IR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Hierbei wurde festgestellt, daß die durch Hydrolyse entstandenen Silanolgruppen beim Erhitzen sowohl den Epoxyring öffnen als auch selbst kondensieren. Die Kinetik dieser Reaktionen wurde untersucht und die relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten berechnet.
    Notes: Chemical reactions in the epoxy-functional silane hydrolyzate bulk have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the silanol group opened the epoxy ring upon heating, concurrently with the silanol condensation. The kinetics of these reactions were studied, and the relative reaction rates were obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051400110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies of the gradient in the silane coupling agent/matrix interface in fiberglass-reinforced epoxy (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, and solid-state carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance were used to study the silane coupling agent/epoxy resin interface. Penetration of epoxy into the hydrolyzed silane has been shown. The addition of a solvent can further increase the penetration of epoxy into the hydrolyzed silane by decreasing the viscosity of the epoxy. Bulk models of the gradient in the silane coupling agent/epoxy interface have shown that the concentration of silane and the degree of hydrolysis of the silane can determine the rigidity or mobility of the interphase region. When the silane is hydrolyzed, the possible formation of entanglements may increase the rigidity of the system and decrease the degree of phase separation through the formation of an interpenetrating network.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750090209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubber-filler interaction effects on the solid state dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene/EPDM/calcium carbonate composites (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Composites of polyethylene, ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and calcium carbonate are milled and analyzed by solid state dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. The torsion pendulum measurements show that the multicomponent composites exhibit complex viscoelastic behavior. In composites of polyethylene and calcium carbonate, the experimentally observed modulus enhancement is greater than that expected from the properties of the constituent materials, assuming well-dispersed inclusions. In composites of polyethylene, rubber, and calcium carbonate, interactions of the rubber with the filler surface are significant. Specifically, maleic anhydride modification of the EPDM results in rubber-filler interactions that drastically influence the properties of the composite. The maleic anhydride modification results in a morphology with more rubber around the filler particles and thus an enhanced rubber glass transition peak. The rubber-filler interaction has been attributed to salt formation at the filler surface. The interaction was also detected by solid state proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation experiments. Treatment of the filler surface with gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) or gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) has significant influence on the dynamic mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fuming nitric acid surface treatment of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fibers on the mechanical properties of their composites (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of hot fuming nitric acid (FNA) treatment on the adhesion of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fabrics to an epoxy resin has been investigated. Mechanical and molecular characterization of the interface has been attempted. Fourier transform infrared diffuse transmittance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the chemical changes introduced by the FNA treatment as well as the nature of the interface between the fibers and the epoxy resin on the molecular level. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to examine the morphological consequences of the FNA treatment. Flexural and interlaminar shear properties of the composites have been measured as a function of the extent of surface treatment. Esterification of the FNA treated polyethylene fibers is used to examine the role of surface functionality to the mechanical performance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of an epoxy resin system for the injection molding of long-fiber epoxy composties (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Combination of reaction injection molding and pultrusion has resulted in a new processing technique, RIM-Pultrusion, Which has been used to produce a thermoplastic epoxy prepreg. This prepreg has been used to produce a long-fiber injection molded phenoxy/carbon fiber composite with near-Zero void content. A heat-activated curing system has been developed, which allows injecton molding of the prepreg to form a thermostet long-finer epoxy/carbon finber composite. The RIM- pultrusion conditions for producing an injection moldable prepreg are described. Capillary rheomety is used to study the epoxy resin to determine the proper molar ratio for RIM-Pultrusion. The long-fiber epoxy compostie is analyzed with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Also., the impact strength and solvent resistance of the long-fiber composite are examined. The properties of the thermoset long-fiber epoxy xomposite are compared to those of a thermoplastic injection molded long-fiber phenoxy composite.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The silane interphase of composites: Effects of process conditions on γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: FT-IR spectroscopy was used to collect spectra of γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (γ-APS) coupling agent deposited on KBr plates, modeling the silane interphase of composites, to study the effects of heating the γ-APS film under various environmental conditions. This coupling agent is used in fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. An aminebicarbonate salt forms when the sample is dried in a moist carbon dioxide environment giving rise to a series of bands from 2800 to 2000 centimeter-1 (cm-1) and bands at 1637 cm-1, 1330 cm-1, 696 cm-1, and 663 cm-1. The primary amine group is split into two bands at 1572 cm-1 and 1486 cm-1 in the NH3+ form. Heating removes the aminebicarbonate salt at temperatures above 95°C and condenses the γ-APS polymer to a polysilsesquioxane film. The aminebicarbonate salt partially reforms if the γ-APS film is stored in a moist CO2 environment. At temperatures above 120°C the primary amine of γ-APS is oxidized in air to imine groups. In the process of evolving the CO2 the polymer is further condensed and the amine groups can be converted to imines if the temperatures exceeds 120°C. Both processes reduce the reactivity of the coupling agent with the epoxy resin. The structure of the silane interphase must be controlled during the processing of the composite to yield materials with maximum properties.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of fumed silica upon the reaction of iron octoate and polysiloxanes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1331-1341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Silica is a common component in silicone elastomer formulation. Silica is known to have surface hydroxyl groups and the reactions and interactions of these surface groups with various materials have been studied extensively in the past. It is believed that the iron octoate used to combat oxidative embrittlement in silicone elastomer formulations may also react with the surface of silica, specifically fumed silica. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electron Scanning for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), and Gel Permeation Chromatogrphy (GPC) were used to study the influence of untreated fumed silica and silica treated with dimethylsiloxane species on the iron octoate reaction. The rate of reaction was studied as a function of loading of silica. From analyzing rates of backbone scission and salt consumption, it is found that the iron octoate reacts preferentially with the surface of untreated fumed silica. Conversely, iron octoate appears to have no preferential reaction with the surface of the treated fumed silica.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reinforcement mechanism of fiber-glass reinforced plastics under wet conditions: A review (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 128-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reinforcement mechanisms of fiber-glass reinforced plastics (FRP) under wet conditions are reviewed with emphasis on molecular structures of glass/matrix interfaces. Included are studies on glass surface, the glass/coupling agent interface, silane coupling agents on glass surfaces as well as in solution, the coupling agent/matrix interface, extending to the interphase of particulate-filled composites, and matrix resin. For a better understanding of wet strength of FRP, the structures under dry conditions are extensively, reviewed. The chemical bonding theory still dominates other reinforcement theories. The importance of other factors such as orientation of silane coupling agents and the restriction of matrix polymer conformations are also considered. Based on recent development in spectroscopy, molecular level research of the glass/matrix interfaces has been initiated in the past decade, yet only a few spectroscopic investigations on the function of water have appeared. It is concluded that the correlation between spectroscopic investigations and mechanical properties of a FRP is indispensable.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalyzing the curing reaction of a new benzoxazine-based phenolic resin (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1751-1760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of potential catalysts on the curing reaction of a new type of phenolic resins obtained from benzoxazine precursors is studied. These novel resins solve the shortcomings of traditional phenolics because they cure by a ring-opening mechanism that avoids the release of volatiles. Isothermal and nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data is used to determine the influence of the catalysts on the curing kinetics. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is also applied. The benzoxazine chosen for this study is a purified benzoxazine monomer based on bisphenol-A, formaldehyde, and aniline. The as-synthesized benzoxazine precursor is also studied to determine the influence of the dimers and higher oligomers in the curing mechanism. The presence of these structures seems to catalyze the curing reactions. The activation energy and overall reaction order of the as-synthesized precursor are determined. Among the catalysts tested, adipic acid shows the most promising results. For all the cases studied the curing reaction is autocatalyzed up to a diffusion-controlled stage. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581013
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