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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A digital computer model of the adiabatic-fixed bed catalytic reactor is developed which includes axial dispersion of heat and mass, interparticle heat and mass transport, and intraparticle diffusion of reacting species. The influence of these transport processes upon conversion and yield is discussed. The model is readily extended to nonisothermal, nonadiabatic cases in the absence of radial gradients.The technique of computer solution avoids the inherent instability problem associated with explicit techniques as applied to flux boundary condition problems which involve flow, diffusion, and reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 815-820 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of PbCa alloys in the liquid stateThe effect of various temperatures, the composition of the alloy and the corroding atmosphere is studied with a thermobalance during the oxidation of molten PbCa alloys. The rate controlling step of the oxidation depends on the test conditions. The results obtained at 700°C are in agreement with data found in literature and according to which the oxidation increases with the Ca content; in this range calcium is subject to preferential oxidation. At 600°C and temperatures below that the addition of calcium does not only not increase oxidation but may give rise to a decrease.
    Notes: Mit einer Thermowaage wird die Wirkung verschiedener Temperaturen, der Zusammensetzung der Legierung und der Zusammensetzung der angreifenden Atmosphäre bei der Oxidation geschmolzener Pb-Ca-Legierungen untersucht. Der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt der Oxidation hängt von den Versuchsbedingungen ab. Bei 700°C bestätigen die bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung erhaltenen Ergebnisse die Literaturangaben, wonach die Oxidation bei zunehmendem Ca-Gehalt ansteigt; dabei wird das Calcium vorzugsweise oxidiert. Dagegen wird bei 600°C und darunter die Oxidation durch Zusatz von Calcium nicht nur nicht verstärkt, sondern sogar verringert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; helicity rule ; X-ray structure determination ; ultraviolet spectra ; n - π* and π - π* bands ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiroptical properties of a series of 3 and/or 4-heterosubstituted 2(5H)-furanones were investigated with respect to correlation with absolute configuration. The n - π* and π - π* Cotton effects have been assigned on the basis of comparison with the UV spectra in solvents of varying polarity. It is demonstrated that the n - π* transition in 4-amino substituted 2(5H)-furanones appears at shorter wavelength with respect to the π - π* transition. With the exception of 4-pyrrolidino and 4-benzylamino substituted 2(5H)-furanones, other heterosubstituted 2(5H)-furanones follow the butenolide configurational rule (Gawronski et al. J. Org. Chem. 61:1513-1515, 1996). Absolute configuration of 2(5H)-furanone derivatives can also be assigned according to the sign of the Cotton effect (of unknown origin) at 200-230 nm. The structure of four representative sulfur and nitrogen substituted 2(5H)-furanones has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results indicate planarity of the furanone ring and extended conjugation in 4-amino substituted 2(5H)-furanones. Chirality 9:537-544, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Derivatization reaction ; Factorial design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Kröhnke reaction with 2,3-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts. Optimization of the reaction conditions by means of a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding of the factors exerting an influence on the above reaction.The parameters chosen were temperature, reaction time, base concentration, water concentration and nucleophile concentration. The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile). To facilitate the nucleophilic attack, the presence of an organic base (triethylamine) was necessary, although concentrations in excess of 0·15M did not alter the development of the reaction. Since pharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous, the influence of water on the reaction was studied. Low water volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilic reagent. However, when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent, the fluorescence intensity was lower than expected. Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected 5 min after the reaction started. The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 2 (1984), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Blood ; 2,3-bisphophoglycerate ; inositol-5-phosphate ; 2,3-bisphophoglycerate synthase ; phytase ; counter current distribution ; avian red cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two generations of red cells (embryonic and definitive), different types of haemoglobins, and special organic phosphates involved in the control of haemoglobin oxygenation (2:3-bisphosphoglycerate, BPG, and inositol-5-phosphate, IP5), have been found progressively during development of the chick. Levels of both organic phosphates, as well as activities of the enzymes involved in BPG synthesis (2:3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase, BPGM) and IP5 formation (phytase), were studied in the erythrocyte populations from embryo, young and adult chickens. Measurement of specific activities of BPGM and phytase in the two subpopulations present in young chickens showed that these phosphates could be specifically and predominantly formed in these two red cell populations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1092-1093 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetic non-equivalence of methylenic protons in A—CH2—CH3 groups were studied for several types of compounds. Results are compared with respect (1) to the nature of heteroatom A:A = O and A = S and (2) to the structure of the local dissymmetry element: asymmetric carbon, ketal group and allenic system. Influence of substitution is discussed in relation to conformational problems. Furthermore a variation of the methylene geminal coupling constant with substituents of carbon α to OEt is observed.
    Notes: La non-équivalence magnétique des protons méthyléniques de groupements A—CH2—CH3 est étudiée dans plusieurs séries de composés. Les effets sont comparés d'une part dans les séries A = O et A = S, d'autre part dans les composés présentant un carbone asymétrique, un carbone de type cétal ou une dissymétrie allénique. L'influence de la substitution sur le carbone en α de AEt est discutée en relation avec les conformations. Une variation de la constante de couplage entre les protons méthyléniques géminés en function de la nature des substituants lointains est mise en évidence.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 7 (1975), S. 2-17 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The principles of the theoretical calculations of the carbon atom screening constant are reviewed. The Independent Electron, SCF—MO and Valence Bond formulae are briefly discussed, and the relative importance of the different terms involved in an approximate decomposition of σ13C are pointed out. The variations of the excitation energy ΔE, the mean distance between the nucleus and 2p electrons, and the electronic charges and bond orders with the structure are presented. The nature of the steric effect is also explained. In a second part the various empirical correlations which make an evaluation of δ13C from structural and physical properties possible are shown. The actual substituent parameters of the main classes of compounds are listed and worked examples given to make the use of the tables easier. The correlations between δ13C and the electronic charge, electronegativity, Hammett-Taft constants, electric field effects, geometrical parameters, spectroscopic data (electronic transitions, screening of other nuclei) and pH are also discussed with a view to appraising the carbon screening.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 661-677 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Coupling constants of 35 substituted pyridines are discussed and related to the electronic properties of the substituents and to the mechanism of coupling. A calculation of J is performed using Pople and Santry's theory and mutual polarizabilities obtained by CNDO/2 or Hoffmann methods. The influence of bicentric integrals on the theoretical values of J is examined.
    Notes: Les constantes de couplages relatives à un ensemble de 35 pyridines substituées sont discutées en relation avec les propriétés électroniques des substituants et le mécanisme du couplage. Un calcul de J est réalisé, sur la base de la théorie de Pople, à l′aide des valeurs de polarisabilités mutuelles obtenues par la méthode CNDO/2 et la méthode d'Hoffmann. L'influence d′une inclusion des intégrales bicentriques est examinée.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In Z—CH—CH=CH—Y compounds (Z or Y being an alkyl group) the ethylenic part of the spectra is often very complex and the 3J(H—C=C—H) coupling constant which is a good tool for determining the configuration, is not easily determined. We have studied such allylic derivatives and many configurations have been assigned through stereospecific synthesis. Except a very few cases, δ CH(Z) of the cis isomer is larger than δ CHZ of the trans isomer. In alcohols RCH=CH—CHOHR′ the stereoisomers behave differently in solutions with europium, praseodymium, holmium and dysprosium complexes. The spectra of the trans isomers remain strongly coupled but 3J(H—C=C—H) becomes easy to measure in the cis compounds.
    Notes: Dans les composés de structure Z CH—CH=CH—Y la complexité du spectre rend souvent difficile l'obtention du couplage J(H—C=C—H) et donc l'identification de la configuration. L'étude de nombreux dérivés de ce type préparés par des méthodes stéréospécifiques montre qu'à de rares exceptions près, le déplacement chimique δ CH(Z) de l'isomère cis est supérieur à δCH(Z) de l'isomére trans. Dans le cas des alcools R CH—CH CHOH R′ les isoméres configurationnels ont des comportements différents en présence de complexes d'europium ou de praseodyme, holmium et dysprosium. Si le spectre des isoméres trans reste fortement couplé en présence de complexe l'obtention de 3J(H—C=C—H) devient aisée dans les composés cis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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