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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether by benzylammonium salts (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 505-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: cationic polymerization ; benzylpyridinium salts ; benzylanilinium salts ; cationic initiators ; thermal latency ; latent catalysts ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel cationic initiators, p-substituted benzylanilinium SbF-6 salts (1), were synthesized from the corresponding benzylchloride and N,N-dimethylaniline, where Cl- was exchanged with SbF-6. Their catalytic activities in the cationic polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) were examined and compared to that of benzylpyridinium SbF-6 salts (2), latent thermal initiators previously reported by Endo et al. It was found that 1 acted as a latent thermal initiator in the cationic polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) above 80°C for 10 min. Furthermore, 1 showed higher activity than 2 having the same p-substituents, except for a p-Cl group in the cationic polymerization of GPE. Both the GPE polymer structure and the benzyl group reactivity in 1 or 2 indicate that 1 generates benzyl cations that are active species for the cationic polymerization of GPE, and that in cationic polymerization using 2, side reactions generating active species other than benzyl cations occur. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330317
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of α-substituted benzylpyridinium salts as cationic initiators (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 475-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: α,α-dimethylbenzylpyridinium SbF6 ; cationic polymerization ; thermal latency ; latent catalysts ; cationic initiator ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Methylbenzylpyridinium SbF6(1a) and α,α-dimethylbenzylpyridinium SbF6(1b) were prepared and the effect of α-methyl groups on the active species and the activity of 1a, 1b during the cationic polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) was evaluated. 1b was prepared by the reaction of α,α-dimethylbenzyl alcohol with pyridinium hexafluoroantimonate (2) in several solvents, and the yield depended on the dipole moment of the solvents, although it was poor for the reaction of α,α-dimethylbenzyl chloride with pyridine for the steric hindrance of the α-methyl groups followed by exchange with NaSbF6. Both 1a and 1b acted as a latent thermal initiator during the cationic polymerization of GPE and 1b showed higher activity during cationic polymerization with the higher steric effect of the α-methyl groups than 1a. The 1H-NMR analysis of the obtained poly GPE indicated that the active species of 1b changed from the benzyl cation to H+, depending on the reaction temperature, although 1a released benzyl cations as active species in the cationic polymerization of GPE. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of vinyl ether with magnesium compounds. II. Catalytic reactivity of magnesium compounds other than halides (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 2371-2381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Magnesium compounds, especially Grignard reagents were studied as catalysts in the polymerization of vinyl ethers. The Grignard reagent and diethyl magnesium possessed no activity for polymerization of vinyl ether. However, if the Grignard reagent is combined with some sort of third substances, it shows good activity. For these substances, oxygen, aldehydes, some metal oxides, and halogenated hydrocarbons seemed to be effective. The molecular weight of the polyvinyl ether obtained from this combined catalyst system is markedly higher than those of polymers obtained with the Friedel-Crafts type of catalyst, but the polymer of vinyl ether obtained from this mixed catalyst possesses little crystalline structure. The possible mechanism of the polymerization with this mixed catalyst is thought to be a cationic initiation type, because the true active species are regarded to be intermediate compounds which are analogous to magnesium halides or alkoxymagnesium halides. In this connection, alkoxymagnesium halides and magnesium oxide were examined. They had a good activity for polymerization but did not yield a high polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010714
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of vinyl ethers with magnesium compounds. I. Catalytic reactivity of magnesium halides (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 1937-1946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An attempt was made to summarize the activity of magnesium halides in the polymerization of vinyl ethers. Bulk polymerization was carried out at temperatures of 0-80°C. Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and isobutyl vinyl ethers were used as monomers, and the relative reactivities of these monomers were compared. Except for the fluoride, magnesium halides had mild activity. Within a given group, the overall activation energies of polymerization decrease with increasing weight of halogen. On the other hand, the molecular weight of polyvinyl ethers obtained from this group of catalysts increases with decreasing weight of halogen. In addition, some differences were observed between the diethyl ether complex and the dioxane complex of magnesium bromide.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010609
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific polymerization of vinyl alkyl ethers (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 3277-3288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Stereospecific polymerization of vinyl alkyl ether was studied; various kinds of compounds, such as metal oxides, metal halides, metal oxyhalides, metal sulfate complexes and organometallic compounds-Lewis acid complexes, being used at low temperature or room temperature. The relationship between the structures of catalysts and the stereoregularities of polymers is discussed, and it is found that tetrahedral compounds which have one active edge are especially useful for making the stereoregular polymers at room temperature. Also, the shorter the length of active edge, the more suitable the catalyst is for stereospecific polymerization. On the basis of these experimental results, a mechanism of stereospecific polymerization of vinyl alkyl ether is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100011102
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