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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 111-126 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Free radical copolymerization in high-pressure autoclave reactors is studied by developing a mathematical model. Kinetic mechanisms to describe the polymerization rate, molecular weight averages, branching frequencies, as well as copolymer composition are presented. Two phase kinetics due to polymer-monomer solubilities in the reaction mixture are taken into account. Gel formation from cross-linking reactions is also analyzed. A mixing model is developed to represent the stirring effect inside the reactor. The mathematical model is implemented as a computer program to simulate commercial autoclave reactors. PID control equations are used to maintain operation at the unstable steady state. A sensitivity study is performed on the mixing model parameters and on some of the kinetic parameters and the model is compared to rate data from commercial reactors.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 7 (1990), S. 366-377 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: computer modeling ; protein ; structure ; α-carbons ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A procedure for the construction of complete protein structures from only αcarbon coordinates is described. This involves building the backbone by sequential addition of Pro, Gly, or Ala residues. This main chain structure is then refined using molecular dynamics. Side chains are constructed by sequential addition of atoms with intermediate molecular dynamics refinement. For α lytic protease (a structure that is mostly β sheet) a backbone root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.19 Å and an overall RMSD of 1.24 Å from the crystallographic coordinates are attained. For troponin C (67% β-helix), where the coordinates are available only for the α-carbons, a backbone RMSD of 0.41 Å and an overall RMSD of 1.68 Å are attained (fits kindly provided by Dr. Michael James and Natalie Strynadka). For flavodoxin a backbone RMSD of 0.49 Å and an overall RMSD of 1.64 Å were attained.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1315-1324 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: static mixer ; MRC-5 ; anchorage dependent ; hepatitis A ; animal cell culture ; bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The titanium static mixer reactor, demonstrated for a variety of vaccine processes during the late 197s, was investigated for the production of attenuated hepatitis A virus antigen from anchorage-dependent MRC-5 cells. This reactor system used Charles River Biotechnological Services cabinets for monitoring and process control. Cell inoculation protocols, using 6000-10,000 cells/cm2, resulted on over 95% attachment at both the laboratory and pilot scales. Indirect monitoring techniques using oxygen, glucose, L-serine, and L-glutamine uptake rates were indicative of cell growth prior to virus inoculation as well as environmental and/or nutrient limitations. Seven laboratory-scale (3900 cm2) runs and one pilotscale (265,000 cm2) run were conducted to investigate refeeding regiments, parallel versus perpendicular element orientation, increased element surface area per unit volume, and scale-up performance. In general, lysate antigen yields achieved were similar to those of parallel T-flasks cultivated under similar conditions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 520-528 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: human growth hormone ; animal cell culture ; purification ; serum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Human growth hormone (hGH) is a polypeptide with 191 amino acids and a molecular mass of 22 kilodaltons. With the aid of computer molecular simulation, an hGH analog was created by altering an hGH gene to reflect the change of one amino acid (glycine [G] 120 to arginine [R]) within the third α-helix of the hGH molecule. This hGH analog, named hGHG120R, was found to be an hGH antagonist. It may have important implications in treating human conditions in which hGH levels are abnormally high, as found in type I diabetics. Several hundred milligrams of purified hGHG120R were needed to determine the biological activity of the antagonist in animal models. A multistep downstream process was developed to purify hGHG120R from cultured mouse L cells transfected with the hGHG120R gene. The process consisted of cell clarification, salt precipitation, membrane ultrafiltration, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, phase separation, and lyophiliation. This work discusses the rationale for the design of the process and experimental results on the purification of hGHG120R using the process. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 105-109 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: copper compounds ; exchange coupling ; heterometallic compounds ; lanthanide compounds ; magnetic properties ; structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and structural characterisation of three copper-lanthanoid complexes are reported. The compounds, of general formula [Cu3M(chp)8(NO3)(S)] [M = Gd, S = H2O in 2; M = Dy, S = H2O in 3; M = Er, S = (H2O)0.5(MeOH)0.5 in 4; chp = anion of 6-chloro-2-pyridone], are made by reaction of [Cu2(chp)4] (1) with the hydrated lanthanoid nitrate salt in methanol. Structural studies reveal the three copper atoms lie in an approximate hemisphere about a central lanthanoid atom. Magnetic studies on 2 and two further Cu-Gd complexes show ferromagnetic coupling between the 3d and 4f metals. Consideration of these results along with magnetic data previously reported for Cu-Gd compounds leads to a correlation between the magnitude of this exchange coupling and the exponential of the Cu…Gd distance. This is the first magneto-structural correlation reported for mixed d-block/f-block metal complexes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 3655-3657 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 202-208 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: diffraction ; elliptical mirror ; energy distribution ; Fermi edge ; monochromator ; optical ray tracing ; rocking curve ; scanning x-ray probe ; simulation ; XPS ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The energy distribution of a scanning x-ray probe which is equipped with an elliptical mirror monochromator has been simulated with optical ray tracing, a numerically described energy distribution of Al Kα x-ray and a rocking curve. The rocking curve was estimated by dynamic diffraction theory with structure factors for quartz. The peak energy of the diffracted x-ray beam did not change with beam size, although the shapes of energy distribution were found to change slightly. Using the simulated x-ray energy distribution and the apparatus function, the energy width of the Fermi edge was simulated, which is to be compared with that obtained experimentally by monochromatic Al Kα x-ray excitation. The widths of the silver Fermi edge spectra were measured with different x-ray beam sizes. In addition, the relation between the x-ray beam position on the anode and the diffracted x-ray energy distribution was investigated. The peak energy of the diffracted x-ray beam was found to move with the x-ray beam position. It is shown that this kind of simulation can be effectively used for estimating the energy distribution and the intensity distribution of the diffracted x-ray beam. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 46-52 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coatings are applied to particulate materials to enhance surface properties while retaining desired bulk properties. Characterization of such coatings presents a challenge. In this paper we present an example of a particle surface analysis and assess how factors such as roughness and coating thickness distributions affect quantitative conclusions. Silica coatings were deposited from aqueous solution on to α-alumina particles of 150 nm average size. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry/depth profiling were used to analyze coatings of thicknesses of tens of nanometers to submonolayer. The three techniques were in excellent agreement in the thickness ranges where they overlapped. XPS does not allow assessment of the uniformity or thickness distribution of the coatings. However, depth profiles are quantitatively consistent with a model of random attachment of the silica units to the particle surface during growth, with no preference for the uncoated alumina surface over the previously deposited silica.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 4 (1982), S. 124-127 
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Field observations of lubricant type and level control are presented with the intent of promoting laboratory routes to developing better rigid formulations. Calcium stearate is identified as a gelation promoter. PE wax is described as a very effective gelation retarder. POPE is an effective slip agent, ineffective retarder, and slight promoter. It is obvious that more understanding of the functions of lubricants is needed to permit on-line formulation adjustment.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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