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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FT-IR spectroscopic study on the photo- and photooxidative degradation of nylons (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2301-2321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The progress of photo- and photooxidative degradation of nylon films were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The gases evolved from the photolysis of various nylons and their model amides were also analyzed. The formation of double bonds, changes of crystallinity, and the effect of amino and carboxyl end groups has been studied and discussed. The band shapes of the IR spectra pertaining to the carbonyl groups formed by thermal oxidation or photooxidation were found to be very similar, suggesting that the two oxidation mechanisms might be similar. The broadness of these bands indicates that the carbonyl groups may belong to more than one species. The photodegradation of nylons containing purposely inserted carbonyl groups formed —CH=CH2 groups. Carbonyl groups formed during oxidation, and present either as keto groups or part of N-acylamide units make nylons susceptible to degradation reactions entailing mainly a Norrish type II mechanism.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250826
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers. I. Synthesis and evaluation of compositions resistant to thermal stress cracking (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1871-1886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymerization of ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and small amounts (less than 5 mol %) of a perfluoroalkylethylene yields terpolymers in which the concentration ratio of the ethylenederived units to the units derived from the fluorine-containing monomers is unity, indicating that the perfluoroalkylethylenes are incorporated at the expense of chlorotrifluoroethylene. The resulting polymer compositions are characterized by improved resistance to thermal stress cracking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250713
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FT-IR spectroscopic study on the thermal and thermal oxidative degradation of nylons (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2409-2424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of heat and oxygen on nylon films were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. Nylons 6, 66 and nylons containing carbonyl groups in either the diamine or the diacid moiety were prepared. Nylon films cast on aluminum were studied in an environmental chamber under controlled conditions. The progress of chemical and physical changes was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. Thermal energy caused largely an increase in crystallinity due to annealing and also an increase of nonhydrogen-bonded amide groups, which seemed to entail mainly amide groups from the amorphous region. The intensities of IR absorption bands related to the folded structure reduced as soon as heating began. The IR spectra of the carbonyl groups formed by thermal oxidation showed band shapes that indicated that the formed carbonyl groups were of many different origins. The presence of keto groups purposely inserted into the backbone chains increased the rate of oxidation. Pyrolysis of the nylons was also studied to supplement data obtained at lower temperatures.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250908
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal properties of nylons containing carbonyl groups (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1657-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nylons containing carbonyl groups in backbone chains were prepared and their response to heat was studied. The carbonyl groups were introduced using either HOOC(CH2)4CO(CH2)4COOH or H2N(CH2)5CO(CH2)5NH2 in the initial monomer compositions. In addition to pyrolysis of these polyamides, the progress of chemical and physical changes as a function of temperature was continuously monitored and analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy on cast films placed in an environmental chamber. Introduction of the carbonyl groups into the polymer backbone resulted in a significant reduction of the thermal stability of the corresponding polyamide. Possible mechanisms for the thermal degradation entailing these carbonyl groups and N-acylamide compounds are discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240723
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die isomerisierende Polymerisation von Lactamen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 87 (1975), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der isomerisierenden Polymerisation entsteht ein Makromolekül, dessen Wiederholungseinheit ein Isomeres des eingesetzten Monomeren ist. So erhält man aus den sechs- und siebengliedrigen β-Carboxymethyllactamen Polymere mit Glutarimideinheiten, während die fünf- und sechsgliedrigen β-Carboxylactame Polymere mit Succinimideinheiten ergeben. Einige Dimethylderivate der β-Carboxylactame isomerisieren oder lagern sich um, und die 5-Oxo-pyrrolidin-3-essigsäure reagiert überhaupt nicht. Mit dem Postulat, daß bei diesen Reaktionen eine bicyclische Zwischenstufe durchlaufen werden muß, lassen sich die Beobachtungen erklären.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19750870202
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the re-equilibration of nylon 6 (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Based upon known polymerization kinetics, the extent and rate of re-equilibration of nylon 6 have been analyzed. Relationships have been developed for the calculation of the rates of molecular weight change and monomer regeneration as functions of initial water concentration, degree of polymerization, and type and concentration of end groups. The results are in good agreement with published data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of caprolactam with polyoxybutylene diamine (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 88-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nylon 6-polyoxybutylene block copolymers were prepared by reacting polyoxybutylene diamine with caprolactam in the presence of phosphoric acid. The copolymerization was carried out in a Helicone-type reactor and the effect of time, temperature, and caprolactam concentration on the properties of the products was recorded. Differential Scanning Calorimetry studies of the products suggest the presence of both the ABA and AB types of sequences, where A and B represent nylon 6 and polyether blocks, respectively. Dynamic mechanical measurements of typical copolymers revealed the presence of at least two different nylon moieties. The melt rheology data reflect a general increase in the pseudoplasticity of the copolymer with the increase of the polyether content. Increases of the polyether content in the copolymer result in an increased elongation and a decreased tensile strength and modulus.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caprolactam polymerization. Polymerization in backmix flow systems (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 929-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A reactor system consisting of a cascade of N perfectly mixed stirred tanks followed by a plug flow reactor was analyzed. Compared with a single-stage closed system, a substantial reduction in the total reaction time was indicated for systems using cascades of three or more stirred tanks. Calculations for both the micromixed and the segregated systems showed no significant difference between the respective total residence times.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160412
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of water and caprolactam in nylon 6 melts (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 1663-1677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The diffusions of both caprolactam and water from nylon 6 melts have been measured using a semiinfinite geometry. The process involving diffusion and chemical reaction was analyzed utilizing Higbie's penetration model and known kinetic data. The caprolactam and water diffusion coefficients are, respectively, 8 × 10-8 and 2.5 × 10-4 cm2/sec. Using the data, molecular weight profiles were obtained for both semiinfinite and cylindrical geometries as a function of melt depth and time.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomerization Polymerization of Lactams (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 14 (1975), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Isomerization polymerization ; Polymerization ; Lactams ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isomerization polymerization affords a macromolecule whose repeating unit is derived from an isomer of the original monomer. Thus hexa- and heptacyclic β-carboxymethyllactams yield polymers containing glutarimide units, whereas penta- and hexacyclic β-carboxylactams furnish polymers containing succinimide units. Some dimethyl derivatives of β-carboxylactams isomerize or rearrange, and 5-oxopyrrolidine-3-acetic acid does not react at all. These observations can be explained in terms of a bicyclic intermediate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197500431
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