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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 1227-1233 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combined magnetic sector-time-of-flight instrument has been constructed and used with both continuous (liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization) and pulsed (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) ion sources. The design includes provision for both low- and high-energy gas collision induced decompositions and orthogonal acceleration of the product ions into the time-of-flight mass analyser. Tandem mass spectra may be acquired for singly and multiply charged precursor ions and reliable mass measurements are easily obtained. Product-ion mass spectra are quite reproducible regardless of any instability in the precursor ion beam intensity.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene has been studied using complexes of copper carboxylates. Compared with systems employing copper halides as the catalyst, the use of the copper carboxylates resulted in faster polymerization rates and higher polydispersities. A ligand (dNbpy) to Cu(I) carboxylate ratio of 1 was sufficient to achieve the maximum rate of polymerization. The addition of a small amount of either Cu(II) or Cu(I) halide to the copper carboxylate system yielded polymers with better controlled molecular weights and lower polydispersities yet the polymerization still remained relatively fast.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2581-2592 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: ABS masterbatch concentrates in antioxidants and UV stabilizers were added as conventional additives for normal ABS. The thermal and photo-oxidative performance of these polymers were compared with that of the commercial ABS and additives by measurement of carbonyl index and embrittlement times. From the result obtained, it is concluded that the addition of these additives in the form of masterbatches appears to be a better practical way of incorporating antioxidants and UV stabilizers into ABS simply by dilution of ABS, as these give thermal and light-stabilizing effects that cannot be achieved by stabilizers added in a conventional way. The bound stabilizers are resistant to leaching and chemical extraction.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 789-797 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The antioxidant mechanism of zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamate is examined in detail in model compounds. The kinetics of the reaction of zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamate with hydroperoxides were studied in inert and oxidizable substrates. A typical electron donor antioxidant and a base (CaCO3) were found to inhibit the peroxide decomposition. The oxidation products of the Zinc II complex appear to be quite different from those of the nickel II and iron III complexes. Two processes are involved in the antioxidant function of the zinc complex: The first is a free radical decomposition of the peroxides, which predominates at molar cumene hydroperoxide (CHP)/zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZnDEC) ratios of 10 or less. At higher molar ratios an ionic reaction predominates, although there is a radical contribution at all ratios. Thiocarbamoyl disulfide does not seem to be formed as an intermediate from ZnDEC during the ionic process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 703-713 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of the processing operation on the nature and quantity of transformation products of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinoxyl (〉NO.) and its corresponding hydroxylamine (〉NOH) was investigated in polypropylene. It was found that both 〉NO. and 〉NOH are actively involved in a regenerative cycle and that this redox couple is responsible for the stability of the polymer whether the initial additive is 〉NO. or 〉NOH. The alkyl hydroxylamine (〉NOR), on the other hand, does not appear to play a significant role in the melt stabilization of the polymer. Quantitative measurements of 〉NOH and 〉NO. concentrations show that, under conditions of both restricted oxygen (CM) and oxygen excess (OM), the concentrations of both species change reciprocally throughout the processing operation. In a closed mixer (CM), the total overall concentration of 〉NO. and 〉NOH remains at a high constant level, whereas in an open mixer (OM), their total concentration decreases continuously to a low level, indicating the irreversible destruction of the redox couple (〉NO. and 〉NOH). The photo-oxidative stability of the polymer was found to depend on the total concentration of the redox couple left in the system after processing in either CM or OM.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 2673-2679 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is demonstrated by the use of spin traps that during the early stages of thermal processing of PVC considerable concentrations (〉 3 × 10-6 mol g-1) of free radicals are produced which are primarily responsible for the initial products (hydroperoxides, unsaturation, and hydrogen chloride) previously shown to be formed in the polymer. From a semiquantitative analysis of these products, it is estimated that more than 50% of the radicals are formed from hydroperoxides and the rest by mechanoscission of the polymer chain. The spin traps are effective processing stabilizers in combination with a tin maleate HC1 scavenger. One of them (2-methyl-2-nitroso propane, MNP) has also been shown to be a photoantioxidant.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1287-1296 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 1-Acryloyl-4-acryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (AATP) has been covalently attached to polypropylene under conditions of reactive processing to give substantial concentrations of essentially 100% grafted antioxidant (AATP-B). Solution of the concentrates showed that at high concentration of grafted antioxidant some homopolymerized AATP was present and the polymer undergoes transient cross-linking during processing. Concentrates of bound AATP (AATB-B) when used as conventional additives for polypropylene are very effective photoantioxidants due to conversion to the related polymer-bound nitroxyl radicals by photosensitized oxidation. A typical commercial hindered phenol, Irganox 1076, when used at low concentration in combination with -B also acts as a photosensitizer for nitroxyl formation. Unlike low molar mass-hindered piperidinoxyl, polymer-bound nitroxyls are effective thermal antioxidants that synergize very effectively with low concentrations of Irganox 1076.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 865-877 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bis(diisopropyl)thiophosphoryl disulfide (DIPDIS) is used as a sulfur donor vulcanizing system for cis-1,4-polyisoprene. It is shown that the network structure consists of poly- and disulfidic crosslinks at early stages of cure, simplifying at optimum cure to monosulfidic crosslinks. It is thought that pendent accelerator groups are bound to the rubber molecule at early stages of cure, but are subsequently replaced by cyclic sulfidic groups. The good thermal and thermal oxidative aging behaviour of the vulcanizate is due to the formation of zinc diisopropyldithiophosphate (ZDP) in situ.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 685-698 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of two component combinations of soluble iron compounds on the rate of photooxidation and associated embrittlement times of low density polyethylene (LDPE) are examined. It is found that photoantioxidants retard the photo prooxidant effects of iron compounds giving controllable induction periods. In the case of the combination of a nickel dithiocarbamate (photoantioxidant) and an iron dithiocarbamate (photo prooxidant) a very wide range of embrittlement times can be obtained in which the induction period is controlled by the nickel complex and the post-induction period rate by the iron complex.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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