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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the donnan equilibrium principle to concentrate uranyl ions by an ion-exchange membrane process (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 1006-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170443
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line state and parameter Identification of positive photoresist development (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1046-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development phase of the optical photolithography process has long been considered the most crucial, as it is the final image-forming step. Process monitoring methods have focused primarily on end point detection and have not used other inferable on-line information. This paper examines the use of mathematical models in conjunction with on-line development penetration data to determine process changes. An on-line sequential parameter identification scheme is used to calculate a current rate parameter value for the development model, and a Kalman filter is used to reduce erroneous observations caused by measurement noise. A powerful development monitor system results from the combination of real-time data, and on-line parameter and state estimation theory.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360711
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling and scale-up of multiwafer LPCVD reactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 926-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The deposition of thin films in a hot-wall multiwafer low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor is an important unit operation in the manufacture of modern integrated circuits. In this article, our previously published model for the multiwafer LPCVD reactor has been combined with in-situ temperature measurements to accurately predict the axial and radial film thickness distributions for a polysilicon deposition process. The model describes in detail multicomponent mass transport, the reactor's thermal environment based on in-situ temperature measurements, and the reactor geometry including inlet and outlet sections as well as downstream injectors. Model predictions were compared with experimental data from two industrial-scale polysilicon reactors at SEMATECH and from a smaller research reactor. Approximate scale-up rules for the important special case of larger wafers were derived from the model equations and tested by simulation. The rules compare well with the results from a nonlinear program in which the axial variation of film growth rate was minimized.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A helix-turn-strand structural motif common in α-β proteins (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 8 (1990), S. 334-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein structure ; structural comparison ; α-β barrels ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By exhaustive structural comparisons, we have found that about one-third of the α-helix-turn-β-strand polypeptides in α-β barrel domains share a common structural motif. The chief characteristics of this motif are that first, the geometry of the turn between the α-helix and the β-strand is somewhat constrained, and second, the β-strand contains a hydrophobic patch that fits into a hydrophobic pocket on the α-helix. The geometry of the turn does not seem to be a major determinant of the α-β unit, because the turns vary in length from four to six residues. However, the motif does not occur when there are few constraints on the geometry of the turn-for instance, when the turns between the α-helix and the β-strands are very long. It also occurs much less frequently in flat-sheet α-β proteins, where the topology is much less regular and the amount of twist on the sheet varies considerably more than in the barrel proteins. The motif may be one of the basic building blocks from which α-β barrels are constructed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340080407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Gehalt an Fluorcalcium eines fossilen Elephantenknochen aus der Tertiärzeit (1897)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 15 (1897), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.18970150110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The deformation of foamed elastic materials (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment is given which predicts the behavior of a foamed elastic material on the basis of a model consisting of a network of thin threads. Two cases are considered: (1) small strains, and (2) finite compressions, when the major part of the deformation of the threads is attributed to buckling. The behavior is given in terms of Young's modulus of the matrix and the density of the foam. Measurements of the load-deformation relations for small tensile strains and finite compressions are described for natural rubber foams prepared from latex. A wide range of density is covered (0.09-0.57), giving a variation of compression hardness of about 100:1. Satisfactory agreement with theory is found for both the cases considered, indicating that the basic concepts of the structure and mode of deformation are correct.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of foamed elastic materials (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 354-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment is given which predicts the tear strength of a foamed elastic material. The energy required to break a test-piece in simple extension is also calculated, on the assumption that tensile failure occurs by catastrophic tearing from a small nick of a similar size to the largest pore present in the test-piece. The behavior is given in terms of the strength of the matrix, the density of the foam, and the pore size. Measurements of the tear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break are described for natural rubber foams prepared from latex. A wide range of density is covered (0.09-0.5) giving a variation in tear strength of 9 : 1 and in work-to-break of 24 : 1. Satisfactory agreement with theory is found in both cases, indicating that the basic concepts of the modes of failure are correct. It is concluded that uniformity of pore size is required for maximum strength, and a large average pore size for high tear resistance.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020618
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rupture of rubber. VI. Further experiments on the tear criterion (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A criterion for the tearing of rubber based on an energy balance approach, proposed previously, has been critically examined experimentally. This criterion implies that the energy required to form unit area of surface by tearing should be a constant of the material, and it can be tested by finding if tearing results from test pieces of different shapes are selfconsistent. Previous work has indicated that the criterion is approximately correct for natural rubber, and the present paper gives a much more rigorous check for a noncrystallizing and therefore more convenient material (GR-S). The results from three test pieces of widely different shapes show excellent agreement. The material used exhibited an abrupt change in the mode of tearing as the tearing energy increased through 3 × 106 ergs/cm.2, the rate of tearing suddenly increasing from about 10-2 to 10 cm./sec. This correlated with a change in the appearance of the torn surfaces from rough to smooth.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030805
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. I. The relationship between cut growth and fatigue (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 455-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between the cut growth and fatigue failure of natural rubber vulcanizates under repeated loading is examined. The cut growth behavior has been investigated using several types of test piece, and the results are shown to be consistent when interpreted in terms of the tearing energy concept developed previously. The most comprehensive data have been obtained by measuring the growth of a small cut in the edge of a strip cycled in simple extension. It is found that the cut growth per cycle is approximately proportional to the square of the maximum tearing energy attained during the cycle. Using this relation, the fatigue life of a specimen containing a small cut is deduced from elasticity theory as a function of initial cut size and maximum strain. Experimental results give good agreement with theory. A similar strain dependence is found for the fatigue life of die-stamped dumbbell test pieces with no intentionally produced flaws; this is consistent with the mechanism of failure being cut growth from small flaws present in the specimens. Their effective size is estimated to be about 2 × 10-3 cm, which is compatible with the observed superficial imperfections of the cut edges.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080129
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of impurities in a synthetic renin substrate peptide by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and hybrid tandem mass spectrometry (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 314-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry of a synthetic renin substrate decapeptide (Pro-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-D-Lys) indicated the presence of several of side-products, including a component 12 Da higher in mass. Low-energy collisionally activated decomposition analyses were performed using a hybrid tanden, instrument and demonstrated that the heavier side product had two components, in which the structural modification was either at the N- or the C-terminus. Additional analyses of the N-acetyl derivative indicated that for each component the strucutrual modification blcoked a site of N-acetylation. It is suggested that the formation of these side products is attributable to the generation of formaldehyde, during removal of the histidine protecting group (benzyloxymethyl), which reacts with the N-terminus of the peptide to give an imidazolidinone structure or with the D-lysine ε-amine group to yield an imine. While the precise genesis of the side-products remains speculative, it is clear that the combined strategy of derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry has allowed structural conclusions concerning individual components of an isobaric mixture.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290030912
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