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  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Ketoses by Chain Elongation of 1-Deoxy-1-nitroaldoses. Nucleophilic Additions and Solvolysis of Nitro EthersA method for the preparation of chain elongated uloses based upon the base-catalyzed addition of 1-deoxy-1-nitroaldoses to aldehydes and Michael acceptors and subsequent solvolytic replacement of the nitro group by a hydroxy group is described. Thus, addition of 1, 3 and 9 to formaldehyde, followed by solvolysis gave the chain elongated ulose derivatives 2, 8 and 10 (63-76%), respectively. The configuration at the anomeric center of the addition products was deduced from 13C-NMR. spectra and mutarotation. In the case of 3, the primary addition products 4 and 6 were isolated and acetylated to 5 and 7. The nitro derivatives 4-7 do not follow Hudson's rule of isorotation. Addition of 1 to benzaldehyde (44%) and to nonanal (74%) preceded with a small degree of diastereoselectivity to give 15a/15b, and 11/12, respectively. The configuration of the secondary hydroxyl group of 12 was determined by correlation with methyl 2-hydroxydecanoate (14). Addition of 1 to the galacroaldehyde 16 gave a single compound 17 (78%). The structure of this dodecosulose was determined by X-ray crystallography. Solvolysis of the acetylation product 18 in formamide gave the hemiacetal 19 (69%). Michael addition of 1 to acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone and cyclohexenone under solvolytic conditions gave the hemiacetals 27, 30 and 31a,b (49%, 71% and 76%, respectively). Under non-solvolytic conditions (Bu4NF), 1 reacted with acrylonitrile, and crotononitrile to give the anomeric nitro ethers 23 and 24 (67%) and 25 and 26 (84%). respectively. Similarly. 3 added to acrylonitrile to give 28 and 29 (55%, 4:1). This reaction appears to proceed under kinetic control. Addition of 1 to ethyl propiolate and solvolysis yielded the unsaturated spirolactone 32 (50%) and the hemiacetal 33 (17%). Hydrogenation of 32 gave the saturated spirolactone 34 (100%) which was also obtained from 1 and methyl acrylate (63%). Addition of 1 to dimethylmaleate gave the unsaturated ester 35 (48%).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 66 (1983), S. 1241-1252 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the C-t-butyloxycarbonyl-N-mannosyl-nitrone 5, formed in situ from the partially protected D-mannose-oxime 3 and the glyoxylate 4, to ethylene gave preferentially the (3S)-N-glycosyl-isoxazolidine 6 which was transformed into the 3-isoxazolidine-carboxylate (L-5-oxaproline ester) 12 and into some derivatives thereof. The (S)-configuration of 12 was proved by chemical correlation with a derivative of L-asparagine. The D-5-oxaproline ester was obtained from the corresponding N-ribosyl-nitrone 24. Two protected dipeptides containing either C-terminal- (28) or N-terminal-5-oxaproline (= Opro) (30) were synthesized. Starting from 12, the analogue 1 of captopril® (2) was prepared and its activity as an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) was examined.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 1328-1347 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the D-arabino- and D-ribo-ortholactones 13a-f and 15b-f and their treatment with Zn leading to the unsaturated esters 14a-d and 16a-d are described. Possible fragmentation mechanisms are discussed. The results were only compatible wit a concerted, nonsynchronous process, where both the axial lone pair of the ring oxygen atom and the lone pair formed during rupture of the C(5), O-bond participate in the elimination of the axial and of the equatorial C(1)-alkoxy groups, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 1568-1571 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partially protected 4- or 5-hydroxy-sugar oximes were transformed into 5- or 6-membered 1-C-nitroglycosyl chlorides, respectively, by reaction with NaOCl under phase-transfer conditions. With the exception of the oxidation of the gluco-derivative 1 giving the anomers 6 and 7, the reactions were completely diastereoselective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 1562-1567 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chain elongation of the deoxy-nitroribose 6 by a Michael addition to the vinyl-phosphonate 7 followed by a solvolysis gave the heptulosephosphonate 11 (87%). From 11, the key intermediates 15 and 16 (77%) were obtained by a highly diastereoselective reduction, followed by detritylation, periodate cleavage, and silylation. Methoxycarbonylation of 15 and 16 gave 17 and 18 which were converted into methyl shikimate (21; 79%) by intramolecular olefination and partial deprotection. Similarly, phosphonoylation of 16 gave 22 (99%) which was transformed into the diethyl phosphashikimate 2 (53% from 6).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of the chloro-nitro-ribofuranose 7 with KPO(OMe)2 gave the O-amino phosphate 8 (5 %) and the nitrile 9 (62 %). Compound 9 was also obtained by the reaction of 8 with KPO(OMe)2, and its structure was established by X-ray analysis. Treatment of the chloro-nitro-mannofuranose 10, the bromo-nitro-ribofuranose 14, or the bromo-nitro-mannofuranose 16, respectively, with the K or Na salt of HPO(OMe)2 lead also to O-amino phosphates and nitriles. The (1-C-nitroglycosyl)phosphonate 22 was obtained (21 %) together with the nitrile 21 (51 %) from the chloro-nitro-mannofuranose 10 and KPO(OEt)2. The reaction of the 1-C-nitroglycosyl sulfone 25 (NO2-group endo) with KPO(OEt)2 gave the (1-C-nitroglycosyl)phosphonate 22 (61%) and the nitrile 21 (11 %), whilst the anomeric sulfone 26 (NO2-group exo) gave 22 (15 %) and 21 (58 %). In the presence of [18] crown-6, a mixture of the anomers 25 and 26 gave the (1-C-nitroglycosyl)phosphonate 22 in 67 % yield together with 21 (13 %). These findings are rationalized as the result of a competition between a nucleophilic attack of the dialkyl-phosphite anions on the NO2-group leading ultimately to the nitrile 21 and a single-electron transfer reaction leading to the (1-C-nitroglycosyl)phosphonate 22.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hypothesis which explains the diastereoselectivity of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the N-glycosylnitrones 1-3 leading to the 5,5-disubstituted isoxazolidines 4-6 on the basis of a kinetic anomeric effect predicts that nucleophiles should add to N-glycosylnitrones with a high degree of diastereoselectivity. To test this prediction, the nucleophilic addition of lithium and potassium dialkylphosphites to the crystalline (Z)-nitrone 11, prepared from oxime 9 and (benzyloxy)acetaldehyde has been examined. The addition of lithium phosphites gave the N-glycosyl-N-hydroxyaminophosphonates 12-16 (d. e. 78-92%) in high yields (Scheme 4). The addition of potassium phosphites showed a much lower diastereoselectivity. Glycoside cleavage, hydrogenolysis, and dealkylation of 12-16 gave (+)-(S)-phosphoserine (+)-19 (34-45% from 9). Its absolute configuration was confirmed by an X-ray analysis of the N-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropionyl) derivative 24. Similarly, the crystalline nitrone 25 gave the N-glycosyl-N-hydroxyaminophosphonate 26, which was transformed into (+)-(S)-phosphovaline (+)-31 (42% from 9). The diastereoselectivity of the nucleophilic addition and the enantiomeric purity of (+)-31 were determined by the analysis of the derivative 30 (d.e. 92%) and 32 (d.e. 93%), respectively. The addition of lithium diethyl phosphite to the nitrone 33, prepared in situ, gave the N-glycosyl-N-hydroxyaminophosphonate 34, (41%; d.e. 91%), which was transformed in (+)-(S)-phosphoalanine (+)-37 (21% from 9).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 368-373 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enynol 2 was transformed into D-erythro-sphingosine 11 (7 steps, 46%) and into ceramide 1 (8 steps, 41% overall yield). The key steps were the mono-epoxidation of the enynol 5 (Ti(t-BuO)4, (-)-D-diethyl tartrate, t-BuOOH) to 6 (86%, ≥ 98% ee), the regioselective intramolecular opening of the oxirane 6 via the benzylurethane 7, and the reductive tranformation of the acetylene 9 into the oxazolidinone 10 (Li, EtNH2, 88%).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 751-760 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A synthesis of the isosteric mono-phosphonate analogues 2a and 19 of the β-and α-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, respectively, is described. Chain elongation of the 1-deoxy-1-nitro-D-arabinose 3 (Scheme 1) by a Henry reaction with paraformaldehyde followed by protection of the resulting alcohol (methoxymethyl ether) and a radical-chain substitution by nitromethane anion gave the key intermediates, the gluco-anhydroalditol 6 and the manno-anhydroalditol 7. These products equilibrated under basic conditions. Conversion of 7 to the aldehyde 9, Abramov reaction of 9 with diphenyl phosphite followed by deoxygenation according to Barton gave the phosphonate 11 (Scheme 2). Selective hydrogenolysis of 11, phosphorylation and deprotection gave 2 which was converted to the tetrasodium salt 2a. Similarly, 6 was transformed into the isosteric phosphonate analogue 19 of the α-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Scheme 3).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 1137-1146 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of the α-chloronitroso ether 1, obtained from the hydroximolactone 2 and tert-butyl hypochlorite (89%), was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The [4 + 2] cycloadditions of 1 with the dienes 3 and 8-11 led to the N-unsubstituted 3,6-dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazines 6 and 12-16 in high enantiomeric excess (Table 1). Due to the additional α-alkoxy group, the reactivity of 2 is much superior to the one of known α-chloronitrosoalkanes. The reactive conformation of 1 was deduced from the X-ray analysis as well as the high diastereoselectivity of the cycloadditions. The importance of the α-alkoxy group was evidenced from the similar reactivity of the racemic α-chloronitroso ethers 25-27 which were prepared from the hydroximo ethers 28-30 and tert-butyl hypochlorite.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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