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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 895-900 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting and contact corrosion in magnesium-canned fuel rodsWhen nuclear fuel elements  -  containing Mg, graphite and Zircaloy  -  are stored in water there is the danger of contact corrosion of Mg in contact wit graphite; in partcular when cholorides are present (even in traces) there exists the danger of pitting corrosion. Only at pH values 〉 11,5 a bydroxide layer is formed which yields a certain protection. The pitting potential in alkaline waters is shifted to more negative values with incrasing chloride contents; this displacement can be prevented by inhiitors. Most efficient is the addition of sodium carbonate which gives rise to the formation of a protective hydromagnesite layer.
    Notes: Bei Lagerung verbrauchter Brennstoffelemente  -  Werkstoffe Mg, Graphit, Zircaloy  -  in Wasser besteht die Gefahr der Kontaktkorrosion von Mg bei Kontakt mit Graphit; besonders bei Anwesenheit von Chloriden besteht Lochfraßgefahr. Erst bei pH Werten 〉 11,5 entsteht eine Hydroxidschicht, die einen gewissen Schutz bewirkt. Das Lochfraßpotential im alkalischen Wasser verschiebt sich mit zunehmendem Chloridgebalt stark in den Bereich negativer Werte, was durch Inhibitoren verhindert werden kann. Am günstigsten ist Zusatz von Natriumcarbonat, das zur Bildung eines Schutzfilms aus Hydromagnesit führt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 25 (1974), S. 734-739 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of imposed protection currents on the efficiency of inhibitors for cooling watersIn case where the cathodic protection of a cooling system is not feasible a combination of cathodic protection and inhibition may be of advantage. The authors have studied the potential influence of a direct current on the efficiency of an inhibitor; during the experimental work they have used a current intensity corresponding to the maximum intensity of the protection current used in practice. Using potentiokinetic methods they have found that the number of inhibitors which may be used in such conditions is rather small. In the case of inhibitors based on nitrites or amines the protecting efficiency is rather reduced after some hundred hours' operation under direct current, and in some case even a corrosion stimulation has been experienced. Inhibitors based on chromates and anticorrosion oil emulsions exhibit improved electrochemical stability, though, in the case of oils emulsion breaking must be taken into account after relatively short durations of operation.
    Notes: In Fällen, wo der kathodische Schutz eines Kühlsystems schwer durchführbar ist, erweist sich eine Kombination von kathodischem Schutz und Inhibierung als vorteilhaft. Die Verfasser untersuchten mögliche Einflüsse von Gleichstrom auf die Wirksamkeit von Inhibitoren; bei diesen Versuchen arbeiteten sie mit einer Stromstärke, welche der maximalen in der Praxis verwendeten Schutzstromstärke entsprach. Mit Hilfe von potentiokinetischen Methoden wurde gefunden, daß die zahl der unter diesen Bedingungen verwendbaren Inhibitoren sehr klein ist. Im Falle von Inhibitoren auf Basis von Nitriten oder Aminen verringert sich schon nach einigen Stunden Gleichstromeinwirkung die Schutzwirkung und in manchen Fällen zeigt sich sogar eine stimulierende Wirkung. Die Inhibitoren auf Basis von Chromaten oder Korrosionsschutzölemulsionen sind hingegen elektrochemisch gut beständig im Falle der Öle ist jedoch damit zu rechnen, daß die Emulsion schon nach verhältnismäßig kurzer Betriebsdauer bricht.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 713-722 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 686-690 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the methodology of pitting corrosion potential measurement on austenitic chromium nickel steelsReproducible values of the pitting potential and the incubation period are obtained only when definite techniques are applied to the specimen preparation. When the specimens are to be masked for the purpose of suspension they must be passivated without this mask because otherwise there would occur some type of crevice corrosion in the boundary zone between mask and open specimen surface. The corrosion potential in this is more negative (by 150 mV for a steel AISI 316) the the pitting potential as such. Preferential dissolution occurs in this zone when the pitting potential is attained. When, on the other hand, the passivation is effected without the mask, uniform pitting is achieved across the whole free surface and the pitting potential may be measured without difficulty. This potential turns out to be independent from the duration of passivation, while the incubation period distinctly increases with passivation time.
    Notes: Reproduzierbare Werte des Lochfraßpotentials und der Inkubationszeit erhält man nur, wenn bei der Vorbehandlung der Proben bestimmte Techniken eingehalten werden. Wenn die Proben zur Aufhängung teilweise abgedeckt werden sollen, müssen sie ohne die Abdeckung passiviert werden , da es sonst in der Grenzzone zwischen Abdeckung und Probenoberfläche zu einer Art Spaltkorrosion kommen kann. Das Korrosionspotential liegt dort z.B. für einen Stahl AISI 316 um 150 mV negativer als das eigentliche Lochfraßpotential. In diesem Bereich tritt dann auch bei Erreichen des Lofraßpotentials bevorzugte Auflösung ein. Passiviert man hingegen ohne Maske, so erreicht man gleichmäßigen Lochfraß über die ganze unbedeckte Oberfläche und kann auch das Lochfraßpotential einwandfrei bestimmen. Dieses erweist sich als unabhängig von der Passivierungsdauer, während die Inkubationszeit deutlich mit der Passivierungsdauer zunimmt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 425-431 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Testing and Selecting Cavitation InhibitorsAn investigation has been made into possibility of using electrochemical procedures as well as the gravimetrical method for testing cavitation inhibitors. The relation between the structure of the inhibitor, the nature and form of the cavitation attack and the mechanism of destruction was also examined. This work was performed with a group of conventional cooling water inhibitors and some pyridine compounds.It was shown that electrochemical investigations are less suitable for enabling inhibitors to be selected for high cavitation intensities, because electrochemical losses amount to only a relatively small part of the total loss of material. Nevertheless they are indispensable as a supplement to magnetostrictive investigations for appraising the overall performance of an inhibitor, because it has been found that a good cavitation inhibitor does not always achieve the same success against electrochemical corrosion.Furthermore it was demonstrated that interface inhibitors generally yield better results than membrane inhibitors or passivators. The protection afforded by interface inhibitors depends on their structure, the chain length and in the case of the pyridine components investigated the nature and position of the substituents in the pyridine ring.
    Notes: Es wurde untersucht, ob für die Erprobung von Kavitationsinhibitoren neben der gravimetrischen Methode auch elektrochemische Prüfverfahren eingesetzt werden können. Es wurde ferner der Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur des Inhibitors, Art und Form des Kavitationsangriffes und Mechanismus der Zerstörung untersucht. Diese Arbeit wurde mit einer Gruppe herkömmlicher Kühlwasserinhibitoren sowie mit einigen Pyridinverbindungen durchgeführt.Wie es sich zeigte, sind elektrochemische Untersuchungen weniger geeignet, eine Inhibitorauswahl bei hohen Kavitationsintensitäten zu ermöglichen, da die elektrochemische Metallauflösung nur einen relativ kleinen Teil des gesamten Abtrags ausmacht. Sie sind aber als Ergänzung zu magnetostriktiven Untersuchungen für die Beurteilung des Gesamtverhaltens eines Inhibitors unbedingt notwendig, da es sich gezeigt hat, daß nicht immer ein guter Kavitationsinhibitor mit demselben Erfolg gegen elektrochemische Korrosion eingesetzt werden kann.Wie sich außerdem herausstellte, liefern Grenzflächeninhibitoren in der Norm bessere Resultate als Membraneninhibitoren oder Passivinhibitoren. Bei den Grenzflächeninhibitoren ist die Schutzwirkung von der Struktur des Inhibitors abhängig, wobei insbesondere Kettenlänge und - bei den untersuchten Pyridinverbindungen - Art und Stellung der Substituenten eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 3 (1989), S. i 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 9 (1995), S. 581-590 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: inorganic tin ; monomethyltin cation ; model studies ; salt marsh ; sediment ; Spartina alterniflora ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This study describes experiments on sedimentestuarine water slurries originating from a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh. We investigated the fate of tin(IV) or monomethyltin cation (MeSn3+) chlorides after their additon to slurries under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. We did not observe methylation of tin in anaerobic or aerobic slurries with and without added tin(IV). MeSn3+-amended samples occasionally formed small amounts of Me2Sn2+ or Me3Sn+ after extended periods of time, particularly when MeSn3+ remained in solution. The stability of MeSn3+ in slurries demonstrates that the absence of net methylation of tin(IV) is not due to rapid demethylation of MeSn3+ or its further methylation. Inorganic tin concentrations in the aqueous phase of anaerobic slurries spiked with MeSn3+ and unspiked slurries decreased by about 85% in 21 days and remained relatively constant until the end of the 59-day experiments. In similar anaerobic experiments about 25% of the MeSn3+ spike was adsorbed to sediment within 1 h and about 75% was adsorbed within 10 days. The lack of methylation and demethylation reactions in our aerobic and anaerobic slurries, which contrasts with two previous reports, undoubtedly reflects the absence of added nutrients and low concentrations of added tin(IV) in our experiments. We believe that our model experiments more accurately reflect conditions in salt marshes than do previous studies. We conclude that future model studies on methylation of inorganic tin should include. S. alterniflora because it is so prominent in observations of methyltin compounds in the estuary.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 994-994 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 1 (1979), S. 45-46 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electro-optical detector easily adaptable to any hemispherical sector photoelectron spectrometer is described. The detector consists of a channel plate electron multiplier array, phosphor screen, silicon intensified target vidicon an optical multichannel analyzer control unit. Data collection rates are improved by more than two orders of magnitude over conventional single channel detectors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 244-258 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of stainless cast alloys under combined mechanical and corrosive attackIn media with 3000 mg B/1 (as boric acid, H3BO3) and varying chloride contents down to 1 mg Cl-/1 13%-Cr-steels show pitting. Under constant load cracks appear simultaneously. As can be expected, 17%-Cr-steels are more resistant and duplex ferritic austenitic steels exhibit no corrosion cracking in 3% NaCl-solution even after 10 000 hrs. Generally, corrosion resistance improves with increasing contents of ferrite forming elements. Corrosion cracks are interpreted in termes of anodic stress corrosion cracking. Notch impact bending tests with hydrogen charged specimens show that deformability is reduced.
    Notes: 13%-Cr-Stähle zeigen in Lösungen mit 3000 mg B/1 (als Borsäure, H3BO3) und unterschiedlichen Chloridgehalten Lochkorrosion bis herab zu Konzentrationen von 1 mg Cl-/1. Bei mechanischer Zugbeanspruchung treten gleichzeitig Risse auf. 17%-Cr-Stähle sind erwartungsgemäß beständiger und ferritisch-austenitische Stähle zeigen in 3% NaCl-Lösung auch im 10 000 h-Versuch keine Korrosionsrisse. Generell steigt die Beständigkeit mit zunehmendem Anteil an ferritbildenden Elementen. Die Korrosionsrisse werden als anodische Spannungsrißkorrosion interpretiert. Kerbschlagbiegeversuche mit wasserstoffbeladenen Proben ergeben eine Abnahme des Verformungsvermögens.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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